Toward a More Comprehensive Understanding of the Kinetics of a Common Biomass-Derived Impurity: NH3 Oxidation by N2O in a Jet-Stirred Reactor

SummaryThe aim of this study was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of 1PN intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) zygotes. To achieve this objective, we assessed whether all 1PN-derived embryos showed a similar morphokinetic pattern, and if the morphokinetic behaviour of 1PN-derived embryos was comparable with that of 2PN-derived embryos. In total, 149 1PN ICSI zygotes (study group) and 195 2PN ICSI zygotes (control group) were included in the study. Embryo development potential was evaluated in terms of blastocyst rate. Morphokinetic parameters, including the pronucleus diameter and kinetics of in vitro development, were also analyzed. Embryos derived from 1PN ICSI zygotes showed impaired development compared with 2PN-derived embryos, with blastocyst rates of 28.9% and 67.2%, respectively. The diameter of the pronucleus of 1PN zygotes was larger than that of 2PN zygotes. When compared with 2PN-derived embryos, those derived from 1PN zygotes had a visible pronucleus for a shorter time, in addition to a longer syngamy time and slower kinetic behaviour from two to nine cells. When 1PN-derived blastocysts and 2PN-derived blastocysts were compared, the developmental kinetics were similar in both groups, except for a delayed and longer duration of the compaction phase in 1PN-derived embryos. In conclusion, monopronucleated ICSI zygotes present differences in developmental capacity and morphokinetic behaviour compared with 2PN ICSI zygotes, showing particular morphokinetic parameters related to pronucleus formation. Only the 1PN ICSI-derived embryos that reached the blastocyst stage have similar morphokinetic development to blastocysts from 2PN zygotes.

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Kinetics of Jet Fuel Combustion Over Extended Conditions: Experimental and Modeling

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.2364196 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 129 (2) ◽

pp. 394-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Philippe Dagaut

Keyword(s):

Reaction Mechanism ◽

Equivalence Ratio ◽

Jet Fuel ◽

Component Model ◽

Concentration Profiles ◽

Kinetic Reaction ◽

Stirred Reactor ◽

Model Fuel ◽

On Line ◽

Kinetics Of

The oxidation of kerosene (Jet-A1) has been studied experimentally in a jet-stirred reactor at 1 to 40atm and constant residence time, over the high temperature range 800-1300K, and for variable equivalence ratio 0.5<φ<2. Concentration profiles of reactants, stable intermediates, and final products have been obtained by probe sampling followed by on-line and off-line GC analyses. The oxidation of kerosene in these conditions was modeled using a detailed kinetic reaction mechanism (209 species and 1673 reactions, most of them reversible). In the kinetic modeling, kerosene was represented by four surrogate model fuels: 100% n-decane, n-decane-n-propylbenzene (74%∕26%mole), n-decane-n-propylcyclohexane (74%∕26%mole), and n-decane-n-propylbenzene-n-propylcyclohexane (74%∕15%∕11%mole). The three-component model fuel was the most appropriate for simulating the JSR experiments. It was also successfully used to simulate the structure of a fuel-rich premixed kerosene-oxygen-nitrogen flame and ignition delays taken from the literature.

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Kinetics of NH3 oxidation on Pt, Rh, and Pd*1

Journal of Catalysis ◽

10.1016/0021-9517(75)90249-3 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 212-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

T PIGNET

Keyword(s):

Nh3 Oxidation ◽

Kinetics Of

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Kinetics of Oxidation of a 100% Gas-to-Liquid Synthetic Jet Fuel and a Mixture GtL/1-Hexanol in a Jet-Stirred Reactor: Experimental and Modeling Study

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4028259 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amir Mzé-Ahmed ◽

Philippe Dagaut ◽

Guillaume Dayma ◽

Pascal Diévart

Keyword(s):

Current Model ◽

Chemical Kinetic ◽

Synthetic Jet ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Jet Fuels ◽

Research Activities ◽

Stirred Reactor ◽

Auto Ignition ◽

Using Data ◽

Kinetics Of

Research activities on the combustion of synthetic jet fuels and bioderived jet fuels have increased notably over the last 10 yr in order to solve the challenging reduction of dependence of air transportation on petroleum. Within the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, the combustion of a 100% GtL from Shell and a 80/20% vol. GtL/1-hexanol blend were studied in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR). This synthetic GtL fuel mainly contains n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, and cyclo-alkanes. We studied the oxidation of these alternative jet fuels under the same conditions (temperature, 550–1150 K; pressure, 10 bar; equivalence ratio, 0.5–2; initial fuel concentration, 1000 ppm). For simulating the oxidation kinetics of these fuels we used a new surrogate mixture consisting of n-dodecane, 3-methylheptane, n-propylcyclohexane, and 1-hexanol. A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism was developed and validated by comparison with the experimental results obtained in a JSR. The current model was also tested for the auto-ignition of the GtL fuel under shock tubes conditions (φ = 1 and P = 20 atm) using data from the literature. Kinetic computations involving reaction paths analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to interpret the results. The general findings are that the GtL and GtL/hexanol blend have very similar reactivity to Jet A-1, which is important since GtL is a drop-in fuel that should have similar performance to the Jet A-1 baseline and 1-hexanol should not significantly affect the reactivity if it is to be used as an additive.

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