Development and Assessment of a Novel Integrated System Using an Ammonia Internal Combustion Engine and Fuel Cells for Cogeneration Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 2413-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Siddiqui ◽  
I. Dincer
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Integrated System

Enhancing Engine Operations in Off-Grid Renewable Energy Applications Through the Additional Use of Hydrogen

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Robbins ◽  
Roger Jacobson ◽  
Rick Purcell ◽  
Kirk Collier ◽  
Ralph Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Current System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Integrated System

The current renewable energy transformation taking place around the world has led to drastic advances in technology that relates to the issue of climate change. Although many solutions have been found and/or created, there has yet to be one that can, on its own, solve the problem of finding an environmentally friendly energy source. This leads to the challenge of creating an integrated system which relies on several components with different types of energy. It has been the goal of this study to further enhance an off-grid renewable energy power system to supply economical, secure, and continuous electrical power, in an environmentally conscious way, for various types of loads. The previous power system consisted of a mobile unit with inverters, batteries, hydrogen generator, hydrogen storage, propane storage and an internal combustion engine generator that was connected to photovoltaics and wind turbines while being controlled and monitored by a single computer unit. The only pollutants emitted from this power system were the result of the use of propane as a backup fuel, when renewable energy was insufficient. Even though propane is a fossil fuel, its use in this study allowed the system to be simpler and more cost effective. With the assistance of Southwest Gas Corporation, a more efficient and reliable internal combustion engine was acquired. The three cylinder engine, with a 10,000 hour maintenance interval, was converted from natural gas to combust either hydrogen or propane. The engine provides mechanical power to a belt driven alternator supplying electricity to the load and other components of the system. Initial testing of the engine achieved engine dynamometer efficiency of over 40% using propane at wide open throttle and 45% using hydrogen at wide open throttle. The output under these conditions was roughly 20 HP using propane and 10 HP using hydrogen. The current system is not mobile but has the potential to be mobile by using an existing KOH electrolyzer for hydrogen generation with a larger output and hydrogen storage capacity.

Gas Turbine/Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine Integrated System for Fuel-Flexible, High Efficiency and Low Emissions Power Generation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Rabovitser ◽  
John M. Pratapas ◽  
James Kezerle ◽  
John Kasab
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Lean Combustion

This paper reviews the technical approach and reports on the results of ASPEN Plus® modeling of two patented approaches for integrating a gas turbine with reciprocating internal combustion engine for lower emissions and higher efficiency power generation. In one approach, a partial oxidation gas turbine (POGT) is located in the 1st stage, and the H2-rich fuel gas from POGT exhaust is cooled and fed as main fuel to the second stage, ICE. In this case, the ICE operates in lean combustion mode. In the second approach, an ICE operates in partial oxidation mode (POX) in the 1st stage. The exhaust from the POX-ICE (a low BTU fuel gas) is combusted to drive a conventional GT in the 2nd stage of the integrated system. In both versions, use of staged reheat combustion leads to predictions of higher efficiency and lower emissions compared to independently providing the same amount of fuel to separate GT and ICE where both are configured for lean combustion. The POGT and GT analyzed in the integrated systems are based upon building them from commercially available turbocharger components (turbo-compressor and turbo-expander). Modeling results with assumptions predicting 50–52% LHV fuel to power system efficiency and supporting NOx < 9 ppm for gaseous fuels are presented for these GT-ICE integrated systems.

scholarly journals Fuel cells as a future of automotive industry: A review of current developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2061 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
S N Andriyashin ◽  
N I Shurov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
The Future

Abstract Fuel cells are more and more applied in the automotive industry in recent decades. This applies to both special equipment, such as forklifts, and personal automobiles. They are already serious competitors for BEVs (battery electric vehicles) and will likely compete with ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles in the future. This study provides an overview of the latest developments in the use of fuel cells in transport.

A TOPSIS method to evaluate the technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asis Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate nine types of electrical energy generation options with regard to seven criteria. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to perform the evaluation. The TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the best generation technology. Design/methodology/approach – The options that were evaluated are the hydrogen combustion turbine, the hydrogen internal combustion engine, the hydrogen fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cell, the hydrogen fuelled solid oxide fuel cell, the natural gas fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cell, the natural gas fuelled solid oxide fuel cell, the natural gas turbine, the natural gas combined cycle and the natural gas internal combustion engine. The criteria used for the evaluation are CO2 emissions, NOX emissions, efficiency, capital cost, operation and maintenance costs, service life and produced electricity cost. Findings – The results drawn from the analysis in technology wise are as follows: natural gas fuelled solid oxide fuel cells>natural gas combined cycle>natural gas fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cells>natural gas internal combustion engine>hydrogen fuelled solid oxide fuel cells>hydrogen internal combustion engines>hydrogen combustion turbines>hydrogen fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cells> and natural gas turbine. It shows that the natural gas fuelled solid oxide fuel cells are the best technology available among all the available technology considering the seven criteria such as service life, electricity cost, O&M costs, capital cost, NOX emissions, CO2 emissions and efficiency of the plant. Research limitations/implications – The most dominant electricity generation technology proved to be the natural gas fuelled solid oxide fuel cells which ranked in the first place among nine alternatives. The research is helpful to evaluate the different alternatives. Practical implications – The research is helpful to evaluate the different alternatives and can be extended in all the spares of technologies. Originality/value – The research was the original one. Nine energy generation options were evaluated with regard to seven criteria. The energy generation options were the hydrogen combustion turbine, the hydrogen internal combustion engine, the hydrogen fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cell, the hydrogen fuelled solid oxide fuel cell, the natural gas fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cell, the natural gas fuelled solid oxide fuel cell, the natural gas turbine, the natural gas combined cycle and the natural gas internal combustion engine. The criteria used for the evaluation were efficiency, CO2 emissions, NOX emissions, capital cost, O&M costs, electricity cost and service life.

Modeling and Performance Analysis of an Integrated System: Variable Speed Operated Internal Combustion Engine Combined Heat and Power Unit–Photovoltaic Array

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Radu ◽  
Diego Micheli ◽  
Stefano Alessandrini ◽  
Iosto Casula ◽  
Bogdan Radu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Pv System ◽  
System Variable ◽  
Photovoltaic Array

The paper presents the model of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit, based on a variable speed internal combustion engine (ICE) interfaced with a photovoltaic (PV) system. This model is validated by means of experimental data obtained on an 85 kWe CHP unit fueled with natural gas and a PV system with a rated power of 17.9 kW. Starting from daily load profiles, the model is applied to investigate the primary energy saving (PES) of the integrated CHP + PV system in several operating conditions and for different sizes of PV array. The results demonstrate the dependence of the CHP performance on the operating mode and a limited convenience of the variable speed strategy. The integrated system operation leads to performance improvements, which depend on the size of the PV component.

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