Gas Turbine/Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine Integrated System for Fuel-Flexible, High Efficiency and Low Emissions Power Generation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Rabovitser ◽  
John M. Pratapas ◽  
James Kezerle ◽  
John Kasab
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Lean Combustion

This paper reviews the technical approach and reports on the results of ASPEN Plus® modeling of two patented approaches for integrating a gas turbine with reciprocating internal combustion engine for lower emissions and higher efficiency power generation. In one approach, a partial oxidation gas turbine (POGT) is located in the 1st stage, and the H2-rich fuel gas from POGT exhaust is cooled and fed as main fuel to the second stage, ICE. In this case, the ICE operates in lean combustion mode. In the second approach, an ICE operates in partial oxidation mode (POX) in the 1st stage. The exhaust from the POX-ICE (a low BTU fuel gas) is combusted to drive a conventional GT in the 2nd stage of the integrated system. In both versions, use of staged reheat combustion leads to predictions of higher efficiency and lower emissions compared to independently providing the same amount of fuel to separate GT and ICE where both are configured for lean combustion. The POGT and GT analyzed in the integrated systems are based upon building them from commercially available turbocharger components (turbo-compressor and turbo-expander). Modeling results with assumptions predicting 50–52% LHV fuel to power system efficiency and supporting NOx < 9 ppm for gaseous fuels are presented for these GT-ICE integrated systems.

scholarly journals The Working Principle of a Turbine “Case Study: GE Frame 9E Gas Turbine”

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Obolo Olupitan Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Working Principle

Gas Turbine is one of the machines that use the thermodynamic principle converting fuel energy to mechanical energy. It is an internal combustion engine. Also, designed to accelerate a stream of gas, which is used to produce a reactive thrust to propel an object or to produce mechanical power that turns a load. It functions in the same way as the internal combustion engine. It sucks in air from the atmosphere, and compress it. The fuel (gas) is injected and ignited (spark plug). The gases expand doing work and finally exhausts outside. Instead of reciprocating motion, the gas turbine uses a rotary motion throughout, and that is the only difference.

scholarly journals Syngas from Updraft Gasifier Incineration for Internal Combustion Engine Power Generation in Klongluang PathumThani Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Krissadang Sookramoon
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Engine Power

This paper presents the internal combustion engine power generation using syngas from the updraft biomass gasifier as a fuel. 3 types of fuel such as Golden shower tree wood chip, charcoal, and gasohol 91 were tested for the engine running. The experiment was performed on July 25-26, 2017 at Faculty of Industrial Technology Vallaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Pathum Tani Thailand. Data on the performance of the engines fueled with producer gas and gasohol 91 is presented. The experiment was carried out by using a four-stroke 13 HP gasoline engine coupled with a generator as a load in producing electricity. The carburetor was modified for fuel gas running by loading 7 kg/batch of Golden shower chips and charcoal for syngas producing and the engine performance was measured. The results showed that, the engine power was 110.125 W, 115.425 W, and 128.038 W, while using a golden shower chip, charcoal, and gasohol 91 as the fuel, respectively. The generator efficiency is 80% therefore the generator power reduces 20%. The test indicated that golden shower chips could produce higher quality of syngas than charcoal but the engine power has less power than fueled with gasohol 91.

Experimental Study of a 200 kW Partial Oxidation Gas Turbine (POGT) for Co-Production of Power and Hydrogen-Enriched Fuel Gas

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Rabovitser ◽  
Stan Wohadlo ◽  
John M. Pratapas ◽  
Serguei Nester ◽  
Mehmet Tartan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Oxidation Reactor

Paper presents the results from development and successful testing of a 200 kW POGT prototype. There are two major design features that distinguish POGT from a conventional gas turbine: a POGT utilizes a partial oxidation reactor (POR) in place of a conventional combustor which leads to a much smaller compressor requirement versus comparably rated conventional gas turbine. From a thermodynamic perspective, the working fluid provided by the POR has higher specific heat than lean combustion products enabling the POGT expander to extract more energy per unit mass of fluid. The POGT exhaust is actually a secondary fuel gas that can be combusted in different bottoming cycles or used as synthesis gas for hydrogen or other chemicals production. Conversion steps for modifying a 200 kW radial turbine to POGT duty are described including: utilization of the existing (unmodified) expander; replacement of the combustor with a POR unit; introduction of steam for cooling of the internal turbine structure; and installation of a bypass air port for bleeding excess air from the compressor discharge because of 45% reduction in combustion air requirements. The engine controls that were re-configured for start-up and operation are reviewed including automation of POGT start-up and loading during light-off at lean condition, transition from lean to rich combustion during acceleration, speed control and stabilization under rich operation. Changes were implemented in microprocessor-based controllers. The fully-integrated POGT unit was installed and operated in a dedicated test cell at GTI equipped with extensive process instrumentation and data acquisition systems. Results from a parametric experimental study of POGT operation for co-production of power and H2-enriched synthesis gas are provided.

scholarly journals Crude palm oil as a complementary fuel for power generation in Amazonia: diesel engine performance, emissions, and economic assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43882
Author(s):  
Omar Seye ◽  
Rubem Cesar Rodrigues Souza ◽  
Ramon Eduardo Pereira Silva ◽  
Robson Leal da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Cycle

This paper evaluates internal combustion engine performance parameters (Specific Fuel Consumption and engine torque) and pollutant emissions (O2, CO, and NOX), and also, provide an assessment of economic viability for operation in Amazonas state. Power supply to the communities in the Amazon region has as characteristics high costs for energy generation and low fare. Extractive activities include plenty of oily plant species, with potential use as biofuel for ICE (Diesel cycle) to obtain power generation together with pollutant emission reduction in comparison to fossil fuel. Experimental tests were carried out with five fuel blends (crude palm oil) and diesel, at constant angular speed (2,500 RPM – stationary regime), and four nominal engine loads (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in a test bench dynamometer for an engine-driven generator for electrical-power, 4-Stroke internal combustion engine, Diesel cycle. Main conclusions are: a) SFC and torque are at the same order of magnitude for PO-00 (diesel) and PO-xx at BHP50/75/100%; b) O2 emissions show consistent decreasing behavior as BHP increases, compatible to a rich air-fuel ratio (λ > 1) and, at the same BHP condition, O2 (%) is slightly lower for higher PO-xx content; c) The CO emissions for PO-00 consistently decrease while the BHP increases, as for PO-xx those values present a non-linear behavior; at BHP75%-100_loads, CO emissions are higher for PO-20 and PO-25 in comparison to PO-00; d) The overall trend for NOX emissions is to increase, the higher the BHP; In general, NOx emissions are lower for PO-xx in comparison to PO-00, except for PO-10 which presents slightly higher values than PO-00 for all BHP range; e) Assessment on-trend costs indicates that using palm oil blends for Diesel engine-driven generators in the Amazon region is economically feasible, with an appropriate recommendation for a rated power higher than 800 kW.

Ultralow Carbon Dioxide Emission MCFC Based Power Plant

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Chiappini ◽  
Luca Andreassi ◽  
Elio Jannelli ◽  
Stefano Ubertini
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Molten Carbonate

The application of high temperature fuel cells in stationary power generation seems to be one of the possible solutions to the problem related to the environment preservation and to the growing interest for distributed electric power generation. Great expectations have been placed on both simple and hybrid fuel cell plants, thus making necessary the evolution of analysis strategies to evaluate thermodynamic performance, design improvements, and acceleration of new developments. This paper investigates the thermodynamic potential of combining traditional internal combustion energy systems (i.e., gas turbine and internal combustion engine) with a molten carbonate fuel cell for medium- and low-scale electrical power productions with low CO2 emissions. The coupling is performed by placing the fuel cell at the exhaust of the thermal engine. As in molten carbonate fuel cells the oxygen-charge carrier in the electrolyte is the carbonate ion, part of the CO2 in the gas turbine flue gas is moved to the anode and then separated by steam condensation. Plant performance is evaluated in function of different parameters to identify optimal solutions. The results show that the proposed power system can be conveniently used as a source of power generation.

scholarly journals Is There a Future for Small-Scale Cogeneration in Europe? Economic and Policy Analysis of the Internal Combustion Engine, Micro Gas Turbine and Micro Humid Air Turbine Cycles

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Montero Carrero ◽  
Irene Rodríguez Sánchez ◽  
Ward De Paepe ◽  
Alessandro Parente ◽  
Francesco Contino
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Air Turbine

If more widely deployed, small-scale cogeneration could increase energy efficiency in Europe. Of the two main commercially available technologies—the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and the micro Gas Turbine (mGT)—the ICE dominates the market due to its higher electrical efficiency. However, by transforming the mGT into a micro Humid Air Turbine (mHAT), the electrical efficiency of this cycle can increase, thus enhancing its operational flexibility. This paper presents an in-depth policy and economic assessment of the the ICE, mGT and mHAT technologies for dwellings based in Spain, France and Belgium. The hourly demands of average households, the market conditions and the subsidies applicable in each region are considered. The aim is twofold: to evaluate the profitability of the technologies and to assess the cogeneration policies in place. The results show that only the ICE in Brussels is economically viable, despite all units providing positive energy savings in all locations (except mHAT in Spain). Of the three different green certificate schemes offered in Belgium, Brussels is the one leading to the best outcome. Spain awards both capital and operational helps, although auto-consumption is not valued. The same applies to the complex French feed-in tariff. Conclusively, with the current policies, investing in small-scale cogeneration is in general not attractive and its potential efficiency gains remain unveiled.

scholarly journals Estimation of CO2 Emissions of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle and Battery Electric Vehicle Using LCA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Kawamoto ◽  
Hideo Mochizuki ◽  
Yoshihisa Moriguchi ◽  
Takahiro Nakano ◽  
Masayuki Motohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Vehicle Operation

In order to reduce vehicle emitted greenhouse gases (GHGs) on a global scale, the scope of consideration should be expanded to include the manufacturing, fuel extraction, refinement, power generation, and end-of-life phases of a vehicle, in addition to the actual operational phase. In this paper, the CO2 emissions of conventional gasoline and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles (ICV) were compared with mainstream alternative powertrain technologies, namely battery electric vehicles (BEV), using life-cycle assessment (LCA). In most of the current studies, CO2 emissions were calculated assuming that the region where the vehicles were used, the lifetime driving distance in that region and the CO2 emission from the battery production were fixed. However, in this paper, the life cycle CO2 emissions in each region were calculated taking into consideration the vehicle’s lifetime driving distance in each region and the deviations in CO2 emissions for battery production. For this paper, the US, European Union (EU), Japan, China, and Australia were selected as the reference regions for vehicle operation. The calculated results showed that CO2 emission from the assembly of BEV was larger than that of ICV due to the added CO2 emissions from battery production. However, in regions where renewable energy sources and low CO2 emitting forms of electric power generation are widely used, as vehicle lifetime driving distance increase, the total operating CO2 emissions of BEV become less than that of ICV. But for BEV, the CO2 emissions for replacing the battery with a new one should be added when the lifetime driving distance is over 160,000 km. Moreover, it was shown that the life cycle CO2 emission of ICV was apt to be smaller than that of BEV when the CO2 emissions for battery production were very large.

Gas Turbine Common Issues, Failure Investigations, Root Cause Analyses, and Preventative Actions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Garner ◽  
Zuhair Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Root Cause

Gas turbines are a type of internal combustion engine and are used in a wide range of services powering aircraft of all types, as well as driving mechanical equipment such as pumps, compressors in the petrochemical industry, and generators in the electric utility industry. Similar to the reciprocating internal combustion engine in an automobile, energy (mechanical or electrical) is generated by the burning of a hydrocarbon fuel (i.e., jet fuel, diesel or natural gas). The core of a gas turbine engine is comprised of three main sections: the compressor section, the combustor section, and the turbine section. To ensure that a gas turbine operates safely, reliably, and with optimum performance, all gas turbines are provided with a control system designed either by the OEM or according to the OEM’s specification. The OEM-provided control systems will typically include complex and integrated subsystems such as (but not limited to): a graphic user interface, an engine management system (EMS or ECS), a safety related system (SRS), and a package control system (PCS) that may interface with a facilities’ existing computerized control systems. Any failure of the mechanical systems, electro-mechanical systems, or logic based control systems of a gas turbine can result in forced outage. A forced outage of a gas turbine, whether in a mechanical service, such as pipelines, or in either a simple cycle or combined cycle power generation installation results in a reduction of system availability and therefore a loss in revenue. The significant capital investment in a gas turbine system necessitates a high degree of reliability and system availability while reducing forced outages. A power plant can minimize occurrences of forced outages and optimize recovery of capacity by effectively combining proactive and reactive solutions. This paper will discuss both proactive and reactive programs as well as their implementation in order to answer the key questions that often surround an outage: How is outage time minimized while increasing reliability and system availability? What went wrong and who or what is responsible? How soon can the unit or the plant get back online? And what operational or maintenance considerations are needed to prevent a similar recurrence. Proactive approaches to be discussed include process hazard analyses (PHA) such as hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), hazard identification (HAZID), layer-of-protection analyses (LOPA), what-if analyses, and quantitative risk assessments (QRA) in addition to failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA); and failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). Reactive approaches to be discussed include various root cause analysis (RCA) and failure analysis (FA) techniques and methodologies such as fault-tree analysis. Case studies and some lessons learned will also be presented to illustrate the methods.

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