Production, Use, and Fate of Phthalic Acid Esters for Polyvinyl Chloride Products in China

Migration of phthalic acid esters (PAE) from polyvinyl chloride (Tygon) tubing, approved for use with processed milk and milk products, was measured under conditions simulating normal daily use. Squares of tubing were soaking in water at 18, 44, and 72 C; milk at 38 C; aqueous solutions of two chlorinated alkaline cleaners at 62 C and use dilution; and three sanitizers at 24 C and use dilution. Each soaking solution was extracted using the AOAC Method for organochlorine pesticides and analyzed quantitatively for PAEs by gas liquid chromatography. Water at 72 C extracted greater amounts of PAEs than water at 18 or 44 C. Milk extracted the least amounts of PAEs; values were usually less than 1 ppb per day. Little difference was seen between the two chlorinated alkaline cleaners. Sanitizers, in general, extracted the greatest quantities of PAEs, averaging about 3 ppb per day. Leaching patterns of the individual sanitizers varied. Deformation tests were made on the used squares of tubing with a penetrometer. No change was found compared to samples of unused tubing (control), indicating longer use and greater PAE loss is necessary before tubing flexibility is affected.

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Vapour pressure of phthalic acid esters over plasticized polyvinyl chloride

Polymer Science U S S R ◽

10.1016/0032-3950(71)90442-4 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2343-2351 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I.B. Rabinovich ◽

N.V. Karyakin ◽

Yu.V. Ovchinnikov ◽

B.F. Teplov

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Chloride ◽

Vapour Pressure ◽

Phthalic Acid ◽

Phthalic Acid Esters ◽

Acid Esters

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Determination of phthalic acid esters in imitation jewellery and investigation of their migration risk

Chinese Journal of Chromatography ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1123.2012.03013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 647-653 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ying LAI ◽

Zongping HUANG ◽

Xiuxiu GE ◽

Rui LIN ◽

Hexiu CHEN

Keyword(s):

Phthalic Acid ◽

Phthalic Acid Esters ◽

Acid Esters

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Chemodynamics, transport behaviour and treatment of phthalic acid esters in municipal landfill leachates

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0135 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 185-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M. J. Bauer ◽

R. Herrmann ◽

A. Martin ◽

H. Zellmann

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Phthalic Acid ◽

Phthalic Acid Esters ◽

Landfill Leachates ◽

Transport Behaviour ◽

Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽

Dissolved Phase ◽

Acid Esters ◽

Long Chain

Large amounts of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are leached from plastics dumped at municipal landfills. This leachate transports PAEs either adsorbed on particulate matter or in dissolved phase. Dissolved organic macromolecules, mainly humic-like substances, enhance the solubility of PAEs. In the biochemical environments of municipal landfills short chain PAEs can be degraded by base-catalyzed hydrolysis or by microorganisms which enzymatically split the side chains. However, there is no cleavage of the aromatic ring. Long chain PAEs like di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are neither degraded abiotically nor by microorganisms. Hence, these PAEs can be leached and washed out of leaky landfills into the groundwater and thus continue to be a threat to the aquatic environment. Only a combined UV radiation/ozonation treatment is capable of fully destroying PAEs.

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