Loss of Phthalic Acid Ester from Polyvinyl Chloride Tubing into Various Fluids1

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANE S. MUELLER ◽  
R. L. BRADLEY
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Phthalic Acid Ester ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Deformation Tests ◽  
Acid Esters

Migration of phthalic acid esters (PAE) from polyvinyl chloride (Tygon) tubing, approved for use with processed milk and milk products, was measured under conditions simulating normal daily use. Squares of tubing were soaking in water at 18, 44, and 72 C; milk at 38 C; aqueous solutions of two chlorinated alkaline cleaners at 62 C and use dilution; and three sanitizers at 24 C and use dilution. Each soaking solution was extracted using the AOAC Method for organochlorine pesticides and analyzed quantitatively for PAEs by gas liquid chromatography. Water at 72 C extracted greater amounts of PAEs than water at 18 or 44 C. Milk extracted the least amounts of PAEs; values were usually less than 1 ppb per day. Little difference was seen between the two chlorinated alkaline cleaners. Sanitizers, in general, extracted the greatest quantities of PAEs, averaging about 3 ppb per day. Leaching patterns of the individual sanitizers varied. Deformation tests were made on the used squares of tubing with a penetrometer. No change was found compared to samples of unused tubing (control), indicating longer use and greater PAE loss is necessary before tubing flexibility is affected.

scholarly journals The Impact of Storage on Phthalic Acid Esters Concentrations in Yogurts Packed in Plastic Cups

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-693
Author(s):  
Marcela Jandlová ◽  
Vojtěch Kumbár ◽  
Alžbeta Jarošová ◽  
Markéta Stará ◽  
Roman Pytel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Ester ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Limit Set ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Bamboo Fibre ◽  
Phthalic Acid Ester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Migration Limit

Phthalic acid esters are used as plastic softeners and also can be found in food packaging materials. European legislation defines specific migration limits of plastic additives for plastic materials that come into contact with food. This study monitors the phthalic acid ester concentrations in yogurts after manufacturing and then after a 3‑week storage. The studied yoghurts were natural yogurt with 1 % of chia flour, natural yogurt with 5 % of chia flour, natural yogurt with 1 % of bamboo fibre, natural yogurt with 5 % of bamboo fibre and natural yogurt. The analysed phthalic acid esters were dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di‑(2‑ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The average phthalate concentrations in plastic cups were detected for DBP of 59.5 µg/g and for DEHP of 9.0 µg/g of the plastic material. Higher DBP concentrations than DEHP concentrations were also found in all studied yogurts. The average DBP concentrations in yogurts were detected from 1.8 µg/g up to 5.0 µg/g of the original matter and the average DEHP concentrations were determined from 0.5 µg/g up to 1.0 µg/g of the original matter. No statistically significant difference was found when comparing phthalic acid ester concentrations in yogurts immediately after production and after three weeks of storage. However, in our study in all cases of yogurts, the DBP concentrations were higher than the specific migration limit set by the legislation (0.3 mg/kg) and the DEHP concentrations were in all cases of yogurts lower than the specific migration limit set by the legislation (1.5 mg/kg).

Contents and Characteristics of Phthalic Acid Esters in Municipal Sewage Sludge in Jiangsu Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 861-865
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
De Fu Xu ◽  
Cui Ying ◽  
Yun Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Phthalic Acid Ester ◽  
Acid Esters

Concentrations of 6 kinds of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in sewage sludge from 20 typical municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Jiangsu province were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) . The results shows that the sewage sludge samples contain phthalic acid ester compounds, which total content of phthalic acid esters ( PAEs) range from 15.126 to 71.107 ug/g (dry sludge). The content of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the highest, which amounts more than 80% of total phthalic acid esters (PAE); the content of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is low ,which is less than 1.0 ug/g;Diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) are detected in each sludge sample, but which content display greater difference; Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in most cities is not detected.

Vapour pressure of phthalic acid esters over plasticized polyvinyl chloride

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2343-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.B. Rabinovich ◽  
N.V. Karyakin ◽  
Yu.V. Ovchinnikov ◽  
B.F. Teplov
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Acid Esters

scholarly journals Distribution of phthalic acid esters in agricultural plants and soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Zorníková ◽  
A. Jarošová ◽  
L. Hřivna
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Acid Esters

The study observed the occurrence of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the soil and agricultural crops (Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus, Zea mays) and their distribution to the individual parts. For the experiment were selected 4 locations in central Moravia. At two locations (L1, L2) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) was grown, at the third location (L3) winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus), and at the fourth location (L4) flint corn (Zea mays). The soil samples (n = 72) and whole plant samples (n = 78) were collected during the vegetation. The aboveground and underground parts of plants, ears, siliques and seeds were analyzed separately.The values of DBP in soil at all areas ranged from 0.28 to 1.59 mg.kg−1 of dry matter and DEHP < 0.03 to 0.73 mg.kg−1 of dry matter. The soil at the L4 site, which was the most fertilized with organic fertilizers, especially manure, was detected significantly (P < 0.05) to show the highest values of both the PAEs (phthalic acid esters) observed (DBPL4 1.59 ± 0.07 mg.kg−1 of dry matter, DEHPL4 0.73 ± 0.18 mg.kg−1 of dry matter).Average concentrations measured in underground parts of monitored crops ranged from 1.68 to 14.26 mg.kg−1 of dry matter for DBP, and 0.12 to 10.34 mg.kg−1 of dry matter for DEHP. Values detected in aboveground parts were 0.03 to 8.84 mg.kg−1 of dry matter for DBP, and 0.25 to 4.59 mg.kg−1 of dry matter for DEHP. Average values of DBP in final products ranged from 0.05 to 0.83 mg.kg−1 of dry matter, and < 0.06 to 0.98 mg.kg−1 of dry matter for DEHP.

scholarly journals Degradation of dibutyl phthalate by Paenarthrobacter sp. Shss isolated from Saravan landfill, Hyrcanian Forests, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shariati ◽  
C. Ebenau-Jehle ◽  
A. A. Pourbabaee ◽  
H. A. Alikhani ◽  
M. Rodriguez-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Ester ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Hyrcanian Forests ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Phthalic Acid Ester ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
Acid Esters

AbstractPhthalic acid esters are predominantly used as plasticizers and are industrially produced on the million ton scale per year. They exhibit endocrine-disrupting, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on wildlife and humans. For this reason, biodegradation, the major process of phthalic acid ester elimination from the environment, is of global importance. Here, we studied bacterial phthalic acid ester degradation at Saravan landfill in Hyrcanian Forests, Iran, an active disposal site with 800 tons of solid waste input per day. A di-n-butyl phthalate degrading enrichment culture was established from which Paenarthrobacter sp. strain Shss was isolated. This strain efficiently degraded 1 g L–1 di-n-butyl phthalate within 15 h with a doubling time of 5 h. In addition, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, mono butyl phthalate, and phthalic acid where degraded to CO2, whereas diethyl hexyl phthalate did not serve as a substrate. During the biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate, mono-n-butyl phthalate was identified in culture supernatants by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In vitro assays identified two cellular esterase activities that converted di-n-butyl phthalate to mono-n-butyl phthalate, and the latter to phthalic acid, respectively. Our findings identified Paenarthrobacter sp. Shss amongst the most efficient phthalic acid esters degrading bacteria known, that possibly plays an important role in di-n-butyl phthalate elimination at a highly phthalic acid esters contaminated landfill.

Production, Use, and Fate of Phthalic Acid Esters for Polyvinyl Chloride Products in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyan Bi ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xiaoyu Luan ◽  
Muyang Li ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Acid Esters

Determination of phthalic acid esters in imitation jewellery and investigation of their migration risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying LAI ◽  
Zongping HUANG ◽  
Xiuxiu GE ◽  
Rui LIN ◽  
Hexiu CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Acid Esters

Chemodynamics, transport behaviour and treatment of phthalic acid esters in municipal landfill leachates

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bauer ◽  
R. Herrmann ◽  
A. Martin ◽  
H. Zellmann
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Transport Behaviour ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽  
Dissolved Phase ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Long Chain

Large amounts of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are leached from plastics dumped at municipal landfills. This leachate transports PAEs either adsorbed on particulate matter or in dissolved phase. Dissolved organic macromolecules, mainly humic-like substances, enhance the solubility of PAEs. In the biochemical environments of municipal landfills short chain PAEs can be degraded by base-catalyzed hydrolysis or by microorganisms which enzymatically split the side chains. However, there is no cleavage of the aromatic ring. Long chain PAEs like di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are neither degraded abiotically nor by microorganisms. Hence, these PAEs can be leached and washed out of leaky landfills into the groundwater and thus continue to be a threat to the aquatic environment. Only a combined UV radiation/ozonation treatment is capable of fully destroying PAEs.

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