scholarly journals High-Flow-Rate Impinger for the Study of Concentration, Viability, Metabolic Activity, and Ice-Nucleation Activity of Airborne Bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (19) ◽  
pp. 11224-11234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Šantl-Temkiv ◽  
Pierre Amato ◽  
Ulrich Gosewinkel ◽  
Runar Thyrhaug ◽  
Anaïs Charton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Nucleation Activity ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

scholarly journals Partitioning of microbial cells between clouds and precipitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaëlle Péguilhan ◽  
Ludovic Besaury ◽  
Florent Rossi ◽  
Jean-Luc Baray ◽  
Thibaud Mas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
Nucleation Activity ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

<p>It is known that microorganisms are present in the outdoor atmosphere, in clouds and precipitation. These microorganisms originate from various local and distant sources and consist of very diverse and ephemeral communities. The most abundant bacterial taxa typically include Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-Proteobacteria, with notably Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas among the dominant genera observed. Still, very little is known about their sources, metabolic activity, distribution, and their dynamics during their atmospheric life cycle. It was proposed in the past that bacteria with high ice nucleation activity are likely more efficiently precipitated than others [1]. Here, we extend this hypothesis and suggest more generally that different bacteria taxa could exhibit different phase partitioning between aerosol particles, cloud and rainwater, which may affect their atmospheric residence times. This implies that microorganisms are not equally distributed among the different atmospheric compartments (clouds, aerosols and precipitation).</p><p>To investigate this hypothesis, cloud and rain samples were collected simultaneously from single precipitation events, from two meteorological stations located at different altitudes: the summit of puy de Dôme Mountain (1465 m above sea level; France), embedded in clouds, using cloud impactors and high-flow-rate impingers [2], and below the summit, at Opme Station (680 a.s.l.) where precipitation occurred, using automated precipitation collector. The bacterial biodiversity was examined by 16s rRNA gene amplicon MiSeq sequencing. Samples were also characterized for their chemical contents. We show that clouds and precipitation host distinct microbial communities. Clouds host communities from high altitude likely to be of distant origin, while precipitation also includes material originating from the air column underneath and from local origin. So, comparing the biodiversity hosted in clouds and precipitation within single air masses provides information on the relative contribution of local and distant sources to the microorganisms deposited at the surface with rainfalls, and provides very new information concerning the processing and fate of bacteria in the atmosphere.</p><p> </p><p>[1]         M. Joly, P. Amato, L. Deguillaume, M. Monier, C. Hoose, and A. M. Delort, “Quantification of ice nuclei active at near 0 °c temperatures in low-altitude clouds at the Puy de Dôme atmospheric station,” Atmos. Chem. Phys., vol. 14, no. 15, pp. 8185–8195, 2014.</p><p>[2]         T. Šantl-Temkiv et al., “High-Flow-Rate Impinger for the Study of Concentration, Viability, Metabolic Activity, and Ice-Nucleation Activity of Airborne Bacteria,” Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 51, no. 19, pp. 11224–11234, 2017.</p>

scholarly journals Microbial metabolic activity measurements in clouds and precipitation at the puy de Dôme station (Central France)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Rossi ◽  
Raphaëlle Péguilhan ◽  
Maxence Brissy ◽  
Laurent Deguillaume ◽  
Anne-Marie Delort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Activity Measurements

<p>Airborne bacteria are important components of biological aerosols. They have been shown to remain alive and metabolically active in the different compartment of the atmosphere (clouds, rain, aerosols), despite the harsh environmental conditions (U.V., free radicals, low temperatures, etc…). Current knowledge indicates that bacteria interfere with chemical reactivity in clouds, by utilizing carbon and nitrogen compounds, detoxifying free radicals and their precursors, etc. Nevertheless, due to the low biomass (≈ 10<sup>2</sup> to ≈10<sup>6 </sup>cells/m3) and numerous sampling constraints, bacterial activity remains largely unexplored in atmospheric water; and regarding atmospheric chemistry, airborne bacteria are still essentially regarded as inert particles.</p><p>To fulfill this gap in knowledge, this study aims at quantifying microbial activity in the different compartments of the atmosphere. Sampling and analytical methods were developed and adapted to overcome the low biomass constraint and the required immediate analyses, to obtain in situ quantitative and qualitative measurements of biological activity. Samplings of cloud water were performed between September 2019 and April 2020 at the Puy de Dôme Mountain’s meteorological station (1465 m asl, France) using impactors and high-flow-rate impingers [1], whereas precipitations were collected below the summit (Opme station, 680 m asl) using an automated wet-deposition sampler. Bacterial metabolic activity was assessed by coupling two different approaches: the determination of the active fraction of bacteria using the ubiquitous esterase enzyme activity as proxy (fluorescein diacetate assay, flow cytometry), and the quantification of ribosomal DNA/RNA (qPCR). Relationship between these activities and meteorological, physical and chemical measurements were also examined.</p><p>Preliminary results showed traces of a recent metabolic activity in cloud’s bacterial communities, as highlighted by the observed rRNA/rDNA ratio of 1. In parallel, 8.5% of the bacteria in clouds exhibited an esterase activity, supporting that bacteria can remain active in clouds. The bacterial fraction displaying esterase activity in precipitation samples was much higher (30%), suggesting fast variations in bacterial metabolic activity, probably related with changes in environmental constraints and bacterial assemblage composition. Further investigations are on-going to specify microbial activity along the aerosol-cloud-precipitation continuum, its variability, and to quantify its contribution to atmospheric chemical processes.</p><p> </p><p>[1]           T. Šantl-Temkiv et al., “High-Flow-Rate Impinger for the Study of Concentration, Viability, Metabolic Activity, and Ice-Nucleation Activity of Airborne Bacteria,” Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 51, no. 19, pp. 11224–11234, 2017.</p>

scholarly journals Seasonal ice nucleation activity of water samples from alpine rivers and lakes in Obergurgl, Austria

2021 ◽  
pp. 149442
Author(s):  
Philipp Baloh ◽  
Regina Hanlon ◽  
Christopher Anderson ◽  
Eoin Dolan ◽  
Gernot Pacholik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Nucleation Activity ◽  
Alpine Rivers ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

Ice nucleation activity of iron oxides via immersion freezing and an examination of the high ice nucleation activity of FeO

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 3565-3573
Author(s):  
Esther Chong ◽  
Katherine E. Marak ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Miriam Arak Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Immersion Freezing ◽  
Nucleation Activity ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

FeO has enhanced ice nucleation activity due to functional groups that are exposed upon mechanical processing.

scholarly journals The Enhancement of Pre-Storage Filtration Efficiency for the Rainwater Harvesting System in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Yoong Sion Ong ◽  
Ken Sim Ong ◽  
Y.k. Tan ◽  
Azadeh Ghadimi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Filter Screen ◽  
Water Piping

A conventional design of rainwater harvesting system collects and directs the rainwater through water piping from roof of building to the water storage. The filtration system which locates before the water tank storage and first flush bypass system is the main focus of the research. A filtration system consists of a control volume of filter compartment, filter screen (stainless steel mesh) and water piping that direct the water flow. The filtration efficiency of an existing filter “3P Volume Filter VF1” by industrial company is enhanced. A full scale filter design prototype with filter screen of 1000 μm stainless steel metal mesh is tested to compare with the original filter system design. Three types of water inlet setups are tested. Among the proposed water inlet setups, the 90° inlet setup with extension provides the best filtration rate per unit time, following by the 45° inlet setup. The 45° and 90° inlet setup has similar filtration efficiency at low to medium flow rate while 45° inlet setup has better efficiency at high flow rate. The filtration efficiency with the 90° inlet setup with extension is observed to maintain at highest value at medium to high flow rate. The overall filtration performance achieved by the 90° inlet setup with extension at low to high flow rate is between 34.1 to 35.7%.

Confirmation of high flow rate chaos in the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction

1992 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 1228-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Gyorgyi ◽  
Richard J. Field ◽  
Zoltan Noszticzius ◽  
William D. McCormick ◽  
Harry L. Swinney
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinskii Reaction

scholarly journals Effects of atmospheric conditions on ice nucleation activity of <i>Pseudomonas</i>

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 10667-10677 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Attard ◽  
H. Yang ◽  
A.-M. Delort ◽  
P. Amato ◽  
U. Pöschl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Ice Nucleation Protein ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Nucleation Activity ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

Abstract. Although ice nuclei from bacterial origin are known to be efficient at the highest temperatures known for ice catalysts, quantitative data are still needed to assess their role in cloud processes. Here we studied the effects of three typical cloud conditions (i) acidic pH (ii) NO2 and O3 exposure and (iii) UV-A exposure on the ice nucleation activity (INA) of four Pseudomonas strains. Three of the Pseudomonas syringae strains were isolated from cloud water and the phyllosphere and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CGina-01 was isolated from Antarctic glacier ice melt. Among the three conditions tested, acidic pH caused the most significant effects on INA likely due to denaturation of the ice nucleation protein complex. Exposure to NO2 and O3 gases had no significant or only weak effects on the INA of two P. syringae strains whereas the INA of P. fluorescens CGina-01 was significantly affected. The INA of the third P. syringae strain showed variable responses to NO2 and O3 exposure. These differences in the INA of different Pseudomonas suggest that the response to atmospheric conditions could be strain-specific. After UV-A exposure, a substantial loss of viability of all four strains was observed whereas their INA decreased only slightly. This corroborates the notion that under certain conditions dead bacterial cells can maintain their INA. Overall, the negative effects of the three environmental factors on INA were more significant at the warmer temperatures. Our results suggest that in clouds where temperatures are near 0 °C, the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in precipitation processes could be reduced by some environmental factors.

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