scholarly journals Quantitative in Situ SEM High Cycle Fatigue: The Critical Role of Oxygen on Nanoscale-Void-Controlled Nucleation and Propagation of Small Cracks in Ni Microbeams

Nano Letters ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2595-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Barrios ◽  
Saurabh Gupta ◽  
Gustavo M. Castelluccio ◽  
Olivier N. Pierron
Keyword(s):  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Small Cracks ◽  
Controlled Nucleation

Molecular modulation of calcium oxalate crystallization

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. F1123-F1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. De Yoreo ◽  
S. Roger Qiu ◽  
John R. Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Site Specific

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the primary constituent of the majority of renal stones. Osteopontin (OPN), an aspartic acid-rich urinary protein, and citrate, a much smaller molecule, are potent inhibitors of COM crystallization at levels present in normal urine. Current concepts of the role of site-specific interactions in crystallization derived from studies of biomineralization are reviewed to provide a context for understanding modulation of COM growth at a molecular level. Results from in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses of the effects of citrate and OPN on growth verified the critical role of site-specific interactions between these growth modulators and individual steps on COM crystal surfaces. Molecular modeling investigations of interactions of citrate with steps and faces on COM crystal surfaces provided links between the stereochemistry of interaction and the binding energy levels that underlie mechanisms of growth modification and changes in overall crystal morphology. The combination of in situ AFM and molecular modeling provides new knowledge that will aid rationale design of therapeutic agents for inhibition of stone formation.

scholarly journals Treatment of Metastatic Disease through Natural Killer Cell Modulation by Infected Cell Vaccines

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Raheleh Niavarani ◽  
Christine Lawson ◽  
Lee-Hwa Tai
Keyword(s):  
Infected Cell ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Tumor Killing

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a form of immunotherapy that release tumor antigens in the context of highly immunogenic viral signals following tumor-targeted infection and destruction. Emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that this in situ vaccine effect is critical for successful viro-immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the application of OV as an infected cell vaccine (ICV) as one method of enhancing the potency and breadth of anti-tumoral immunity. We focus on understanding and manipulating the critical role of natural killer (NK) cells and their interactions with other immune cells to promote a clinical outcome. With a synergistic tumor killing and immune activating mechanism, ICVs represent a valuable new addition to the cancer fighting toolbox with the potential to treat malignant disease.

scholarly journals In Situ High-Cycle Fatigue Reveals Importance of Grain Boundary Structure in Nanocrystalline Cu-Zr

JOM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Schuler ◽  
Christopher M. Barr ◽  
Nathan M. Heckman ◽  
Guild Copeland ◽  
Brad L. Boyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Grain Boundary Structure

PSBs and Non-Propagation of Small Surface and Interior Cracks in Polycrystalline Copper

2013 ◽  
Vol 592-593 ◽  
pp. 777-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie E. Stanzl-Tschegg ◽  
Bernd M. Schönbauer
Keyword(s):  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Lower Stress ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Loading Method ◽  
Very High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Small Cracks ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Very High

PSB formation and its relevance for an eventual fatigue limit of polycrystalline electrolytic copper was studied in the very-high cycle fatigue regime with the ultrasound fatigue loading method. PSBs are formed at much lower stress/strain amplitudes than reported in earlier literature, if a high enough number of cycles is applied. Fatigue fracture takes place at approximately 50% higher amplitudes than needed for PSB formation, which is likewise in contrast to former literature results. Non-propagation of small cracks, originating from intrusions or PSB-induced non-propagating grain-boundary cracks are made responsible for this different material response.

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