scholarly journals Cellulose Microfibril Formation by Surface-Tethered Cellulose Synthase Enzymes

ACS Nano ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1896-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehasish Basu ◽  
Okako Omadjela ◽  
David Gaddes ◽  
Srinivas Tadigadapa ◽  
Jochen Zimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Microfibril ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Microfibril Formation

scholarly journals Exploiting CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) Class Specificity to Probe Cellulose Microfibril Biosynthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Laxmi Mishra ◽  
Paul Carr ◽  
Michael Pilling ◽  
Peter Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Microfibril ◽  
Cellulose Synthase

scholarly journals Architecture of a catalytically active homotrimeric plant cellulose synthase complex

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6507) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallinti Purushotham ◽  
Ruoya Ho ◽  
Jochen Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Exit Point ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Complex ◽  
Microfibril Formation

Cellulose is an essential plant cell wall component and represents the most abundant biopolymer on Earth. Supramolecular plant cellulose synthase complexes organize multiple linear glucose polymers into microfibrils as load-bearing wall components. We determined the structure of a poplar cellulose synthase CesA homotrimer that suggests a molecular basis for cellulose microfibril formation. This complex, stabilized by cytosolic plant-conserved regions and helical exchange within the transmembrane segments, forms three channels occupied by nascent cellulose polymers. Secretion steers the polymers toward a common exit point, which could facilitate protofibril formation. CesA’s N-terminal domains assemble into a cytosolic stalk that interacts with a microtubule-tethering protein and may thus be involved in CesA localization. Our data suggest how cellulose synthase complexes assemble and provide the molecular basis for plant cell wall engineering.

Trafficking of the cellulose synthase complex in developing xylem vessels

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Wightman ◽  
Simon Turner
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cellulose Microfibril ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Complex ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation

The potential for using cellulosic biomass as a source of fuel has renewed interest into how the large cellulose synthase complex deposits cellulose within the woody secondary walls of plants. This complex sits within the plasma membrane where it synthesizes numerous glucan chains which bond together to form the strong cellulose microfibril. The maintenance and guidance of the complex at the plasma membrane and its delivery to sites of secondary wall formation require the involvement of the cytoskeleton. In the present paper, we discuss the dynamics of the complex at the cell cortex and what is known about its assembly and trafficking.

scholarly journals Cellulose synthase complex organization and cellulose microfibril structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 376 (2112) ◽  
pp. 20170048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Turner ◽  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Microfibril ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Complex ◽  
The Individual

Cellulose consists of linear chains of β-1,4-linked glucose units, which are synthesized by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC). In plants, these chains associate in an ordered manner to form the cellulose microfibrils. Both the CSC and the local environment in which the individual chains coalesce to form the cellulose microfibril determine the structure and the unique physical properties of the microfibril. There are several recent reviews that cover many aspects of cellulose biosynthesis, which include trafficking of the complex to the plasma membrane and the relationship between the movement of the CSC and the underlying cortical microtubules (Bringmann et al. 2012 Trends Plant Sci. 17 , 666–674 ( doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2012.06.003 ); Kumar & Turner 2015 Phytochemistry 112 , 91–99 ( doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.009 ); Schneider et al. 2016 Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 34 , 9–16 ( doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2016.07.007 )). In this review, we will focus on recent advances in cellulose biosynthesis in plants, with an emphasis on our current understanding of the structure of individual catalytic subunits together with the local membrane environment where cellulose synthesis occurs. We will attempt to relate this information to our current knowledge of the structure of the cellulose microfibril and propose a model in which variations in the structure of the CSC have important implications for the structure of the cellulose microfibril produced. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology’.

scholarly journals Cellulose microfibril crystallinity is reduced by mutating C-terminal transmembrane region residues CESA1A903V and CESA3T942I of cellulose synthase

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 4098-4103 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Harris ◽  
K. Corbin ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
R. Gutierrez ◽  
A. L. Bertolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Microfibril ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Transmembrane Region
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