Renewable High-Purity Mono-Phenol Production from Catalytic Microwave-Induced Pyrolysis of Cellulose over Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon Catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5349-5357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayun Zhang ◽  
Hanwu Lei ◽  
Zixu Yang ◽  
Kezhen Qian ◽  
Elmar Villota
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Carbon Catalyst

A single-product crystallization scheme

2011 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Mike Inkson ◽  
Philip Antier ◽  
Malcolm Topfer
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Double Effect ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Raw Sugar ◽  
Stage Crystallization

During the SIT conference in Dubai 2005 a single strike crystallization scheme model based on the way that Russian beet factory operated when refining raw sugar was proposed and suggested that it would be particularly suitable for medium size refineries up to about 2000 t/d RSO (refined sugar output). Now there is operational a 1700 t/d RSO stand-alone refinery that uses the scheme. It melts up to VHP raw sugar with 1200 IU (ICUMSA units) and runs carbonatation followed by a light dosing of PAC (powdered activated carbon) as necessary then double effect evaporation to produce fine liquor. Target color for the fine liquor is 340 IU. The centrifugal run-off needs to be segregated into the higher purity, lower color (so-called white) and lower purity, higher color (so called ‘green’) run-off. The white run-off (about 75%) is sent to white crystallization. The remaining 25% (green run-off) is sent to a three-stage crystallization recovery but, given the high purity regime without affination, the ‘A’ sugar is melted back to fine liquor having been crystallized and purged as if food quality. The results presented in the paper show that the refinery is operating broadly as predicted, producing a refined sugar to EEC 2 standard.

scholarly journals Optimization on The Hydrolysis Process of Cellulose from Corn Husk to Glucose with Activated Carbon Catalyst Sulfonated

2021 ◽  
Vol 1858 (1) ◽  
pp. 012088
Author(s):  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Mohamad Djaeni ◽  
Ratnawati ◽  
Diah Susetyo Retnowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Hydrolysis Process

scholarly journals Phosphorus-doped activated carbon catalyst for n-hexane dehydroaromatization reaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 106318
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Siyuan Chen ◽  
Shuhao Bao ◽  
Feifei Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Phosphorus Doped

Mechanism of improving the stability of activated carbon catalyst by trace H2S impurities in natural gas for hydrogen production from methane decomposition

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 120884
Author(s):  
Guohui Xuan ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Yiling Hu ◽  
Jinhan Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
The Stability

Side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol over Cs2O-activated carbon catalyst

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yamaguchi ◽  
A. Kobayashi ◽  
T. Sodesawa ◽  
F. Nozaki
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Carbon Catalyst

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of Microalgae Chlorella sp. using Activated Carbon as Catalyst for Biofuel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Viqhi Aswie ◽  
Lailatul Qadariyah ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Conventional Pyrolysis ◽  
Fraction Yield

Microalgae, as a potential raw material for biofuel, has several advantages compared to other biomass. One effective way to convert microalgae into biofuel is by thermal cracking or pyrolysis, and using a catalyst or not. So far, studies on the use of microalgae, that are converted into biofuels, is still use highly concentrated catalysts in packed bed reactors, which is not economical. Therefore, the aim of this study is to convert Chlorella sp. into biofuels with conventional pyrolysis without and using an activated carbon catalyst using packed bed reactor with bubble column. The reaction temperature is 400–600 °C, pyrolysis time is 1–4 hours, and the active carbon catalyst concentration is 0–2%. The 200 grams of Chlorella sp. and the catalyst was mixed in a fixed bed reactor under vacuum (−3 mm H20) condition. Next, we set the reaction temperature. When the temperature was reached, the pyrolysis was begun. After certain time was reached, the pyrolysis produced a liquid oil product. Oil products are measured for density and viscosity. The results showed that the conventional pyrolysis succeeded in converting microalgae Chlorella sp. into liquid biofuels. The highest yield of total liquid oil is obtained 50.2 % (heavy fraction yield, 43.75% and light fraction yield, 6.44%) at the highest conditions which was obtained with 1% activated carbon at a temperature and pyrolysis time of 3 hours. Physical properties of liquid biofuel are density of 0.88 kg/m3 and viscosity of 5.79 cSt. This physical properties are within the range of the national biodiesel standard SNI 7182-2012. The packed bed reactor completed with bubble column is the best choice for converting biofuel from microalgae, because it gives different fractions, so that it is easier to process further to the commercial biofuel stage. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals MODIFICATION OF IRON OXIDE CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON THE BIOMASS BASED ACTIVATED CARBON FOR DEGRADATION OF DYE WASTEWATER

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Shinta Amelia ◽  
Wahyudi Budi Sediawan ◽  
Zahrul Mufrodi ◽  
Teguh Ariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Methylene Blue Degradation ◽  
Porous Activated Carbon

Methylene blue is one of the dyes in textile industries which has a negative impact on the environment. This compound is very stable, so it is difficult to degrade naturally. Methylene blue can be harmful to the environment if it is in a very large concentration, because it can increase the value of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) which can damage the balance of environment ecosystem. Adsorption method by using activated carbon as the adsorbent is one of the most efficient and effective techniques in dye removal due to its large adsorption capacity. However, the adsorption method using activated carbon only removes the pollutant compounds to other media or phases. Other method that can be used includes Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). This method has the advantage of being able to degrade harmful compounds in the waste through oxidation (oxidative degradation) processes. One method of AOPs is the process by using Fenton reagents. This study was aimed to prepare and characterize iron oxide/porous activated carbon catalyst. The type of porous activated carbon used was carbon from biomass derived carbon with microporous character. This biomass carbon is obtained from renewable natural products, namely coconut shell.The kinetics and adsorption models in the material will be derived and evaluated from the research data. Based on the research, it can be concluded that catalytic degradation is very effective for degradation of dye wastewater. Methylene blue degradation increases with the use of Fe2O3/activated carbon catalyst and the addition of hydrogen peroxide as the Fenton reagent. In addition, the pore structure difference in the catalyst also had a significant effect on the methylene blue degradation reaction resulting in increased capacity of methylene blue degradation reactions.

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose and Biomass to Selectively Produce Levoglucosenone Using Activated Carbon Catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 10815-10825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-ning Ye ◽  
Qiang Lu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Hao-qiang Guo ◽  
Min-shu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis
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