Mathematical Modelling of Bioethanol Production from Raw Sugar Beet Cossettes in a Horizontal Rotating Tubular Bioreactor

Alternative to the use of fossil fuels are biofuels (e.g., bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas), which are more environmentally friendly and which can be produced from different renewable resources. In this investigation, bioethanol production from raw sugar beet cossettes (semi-solid substrate) by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB) was studied. Obtained results show that HRTB rotation mode (constant or interval) and rotation speed have considerable impact on the efficiency of bioethanol production in the HRTB. The main goal of this research was to develop a non-structural mathematical model of bioethanol production from raw sugar beet cossettes in the HRTB. The established mathematical model of bioethanol production in the HRTB describes substrate utilization and product formation (glycerol, ethanol and acetate) and presumes negative impact of high substrate concentration on the working microorganism (substrate inhibition) by using Andrews inhibition kinetics. All simulations of bioethanol production in the HRTB were performed by using Berkeley Madonna software, version 8.3.14 (Berkeley Madonna, Berkeley, CA, USA). The established non-structural bioprocess model describes relatively well the bioethanol production from raw sugar beet cossettes in the HRTB.

Current perspective and future research directions on defecation clarification for the manufacture of raw sugar

Juice clarification is integral to the sugar-manufacturing process and determines the quality of clarified juice which is subsequently processed to produce sugar. Clarification performance is defined largely by turbidity of the clarified juice, but the presence of soluble impurities, colour and colour precursors, polysaccharides and proteins influence heat-transfer performance of evaporators and evaporating crystallizers, the crystallisation performance in evaporating crystallizers and the achievable yield and quality of sugar. The conventional defecation process is inadequate to remove these nonsucrose impurities, and the gradual worldwide transition to green-cane harvesting is introducing greater levels of impurities into the cane supply. As a result, the clarification station is now having to deal with not only the endogenous impurities (e.g. stalk impurities) but also the trash (leaves and tops) impurities. This paper reviews work that has been conducted over the years to remove these impurities and presents future research directions that should improve clarification performance. Examples of future research directions include development of multi-functional nanoparticles to significantly improve impurity removal; processing strategies to enhance precipitation of proteins and polysaccharides; and ballasting and adsorbent agents.

Efficacy of Affination on Quality Parameters of White Sugar During Refining Process

At laboratories of Delta Sugar Company, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, as well as Food science Department Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Egypt during 2019 working season was carried out this work. It was particularly designed to evaluate the affination process of raw sugar at different temperatures on refined sugar quality parameters during sugar refining process under prevailing industrial conditions. The obtained results revealed that there were a significant differences among raw cane sugar samples in the all studied physiochemical traits, i.e. moisture, sucrose, reducing sugars, starch, dextran and color (ICUMSA units) except total sugars and ash % , Significant effect of dextran addition for sugar type, where white sugar was affected more than raw sugar, and added dextran level, significant effect of affination syrup temperature on physiochemical properties of white sugar, i.e. dextran, starch, sucrose, ash, and colour, except reducing sugars percent was non-significant it can be concluded from the present research that affination syrup temperature at 70oC is the best treatment under the study conditions regarding white sugar quality and can be recommended to the industry for further processing and quite near to the standards of white sugar.

Studi Kelayakan Pabrik Gula Rafinasi dengan Kapasitas 100000 ton/tahun melalui Analisa Ekonomi

<table class="NormalTable"><tbody><tr><td width="200"><span class="fontstyle0">Refined sugar is sugar that is produced from raw sugar through a refined process<br />to remove impurities and molasses attached to Raw sugar. The process that will be<br />used in the manufacture of refined sugar from raw sugar with carbonation<br />purification is divided into seven stages, namely: affination process, clarification<br />process, filtration process, decolorization process, evaporation process,<br />crystallization process, drying process. The plant is planned to operate 300 days<br />per year with a capacity of 100,000 tons per year. The factory is planned to be<br />established in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. From the results of the<br />economic analysis obtained: Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) of 66%, Pay Out Time<br />(POT) of 3.3 years, Break Even Point (BEP) of 36%. Based on the technical and<br />economic analysis that has been carried out, it is feasible to establish a refined<br />sugar factory from raw sugar</span></td></tr></tbody></table>

An overwiew on corrosion behavior of steels in factory

In this study, corrosion behaviors of diffuser unit solution by which raw sugar is produced from minced sugar beets in sugar factories on St-37 low alloy steel and AISI 304, 304L, 316 austenitic stainless steel types were examined. Moreover, influence of heat treatment on corrosion resistance was investigated. Corrosion tests were performed using mass loss method. SEM-EDX, X-rays Diffraction, microhardness and surface hardness analyses of samples were carried out. As a result, it was determined that AISI 304L and 316 steels have better corrosive resistance and heat treatment improves corrosion resistance.

Model of estimation of investment project’s sensitivity in stevedoring activity

В статье предлагается модель оценки риска в стивидорных компаниях при инвестировании в строительство и модернизацию перегрузочных терминалов. В исследовании рассматривались основные факторы, влияющие на показатели эффективности проектов в работе операторов морских терминалов. При этом были рассмотрены следующих проекты: строительство терминала по перегрузке растительного масла; строительство терминала по перевалке сахара-сырца. В основе предлагаемого метода используются показатели эффективности инвестиционных проектов: чистый дисконтированный доход, дисконтированный срок окупаемости. В работе рассмотрена степень влияния изменения объемов перевалки, объемов капитальных вложений и текущих эксплуатационных расходов на основные показатели эффективности. В статье проанализированы особенности инвестиционной деятельности в стивидорных компаниях. На основе исследования составлен алгоритм оценки чувствительности инвестиционных проектов к влиянию внешних факторов. Методика определения чувствительности инвестиционных проектов апробирована на проектах Стивидорной компании Юга России. In this article we suggest risk assessment model in stevedoring companies when investing in construction and modernization of transshipment terminals. In this research we consider main factors influencing project performance indicators in the work of marine terminal operators. At the same time the following projects were considered: construction of a vegetable oil transshipment terminal, construction of a terminal for transshipment of raw sugar. The proposed method is based on performance indicators of investment projects: net discounted income, discounted payback period. The paper considers the degree of influence of changes in transshipment volumes, in volume of capital investments and in current operating costs on main project performance indicators. The article analyzes the features of investment activity in stevedoring company. Тhe algorithm for assessing the sensitivity of investment projects to the influence of external factors is compiled based on the study. Methodology for determining the sensitivity of investment funds tested on the projects of a stevedoring company in the South of Russia.

Saccharina latissima Cultivated in Northern Norway: Reduction of Potentially Toxic Elements during Processing in Relation to Cultivation Depth

There is an increasing interest in the use of Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) as food, but the high iodine content in raw sugar kelp limits the daily recommended intake to relatively low levels. Processing strategies for iodine reduction are therefore needed. Boiling may reduce the iodine content effectively, but not predictably, since reductions from 38–94% have been reported. Thus, more information on which factors affect the reduction of iodine are needed. In this paper, sugar kelp cultivated at different depths were rinsed and boiled, to assess the effect of cultivation depth on the removal efficacy of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), especially iodine, cadmium, and arsenic, during processing. Raw kelp cultivated at 9 m contained significantly more iodine than kelp cultivated at 1 m, but the difference disappeared after processing. Furthermore, the content of cadmium and arsenic was not significantly affected by cultivation depth. The average reduction during rinsing and boiling was 85% for iodine and 43% for arsenic, but no significant amount of cadmium, lead, or mercury was removed. Cultivation depths determined the relative effect of processing on the iodine content, with a higher reduction for kelp cultivated at 9 m (87%) compared to 1 m (82%). When not taken into consideration, cultivation depth could mask small reductions in iodine content during rinsing or washing. Furthermore, since the final content of PTEs was not dependent on the cultivation depth, the type and extent of processing determines whether cultivation depth should be considered as a factor in cultivation infrastructure design and implementation, or alternatively, in product segmentation.