Use of Nonlinear Membership Functions and the Water Stress Index for the Environmentally Conscious Management of Urban Water Systems: Application to the City of Morelia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 7752-7760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Medina-González ◽  
Ma. Guadalupe Rojas-Torres ◽  
José M. Ponce-Ortega ◽  
Antonio Espuña ◽  
Gonzalo Guillén-Gosálbez
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Water Stress Index ◽  
Urban Water Systems ◽  
The City

Greening and Cooling the City Using Novel Urban Water Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 431-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Winker ◽  
Simon Gehrmann ◽  
Engelbert Schramm ◽  
Martin Zimmermann ◽  
Annette Rudolph-Cleff
Keyword(s):  
Water Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Systems ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Ablutionary Urbanisms: Water Infrastructures, Cultural Production and Charitable Dispensation

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brook Muller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Urban Water Systems ◽  
The City

With interest in advancing inclusive urban landscapes and guided by principles of social and cultural sustainability, this essay speculates as to localized water infrastructures as “ablutionary urbanisms,” important forms of contemporary design expression in a context of rapid growth, widening inequalities, climate change and lack of resilience. It derives inspiration from vernacular precedents in advocating for an integrated, decentralized approach to addressing current urban water challenges. It explores the contemporary relevance of the sabil, a prominent civic feature of Islamic cities intended for the charitable dispensation of water. More specifically, this essay considers the contemporary relevance and potency of the sabil-kuttab, a hybrid building type unique to the city of Cairo in which a school (kuttab) sits atop a sabil. Such a type offers helpful guidance in devising principles and precepts relevant to contemporary infrastructural design in that: (1) it offers encouragement to advocate for distributed urban water systems as civically prominent elements of cities, particularly as these systems combine with other important community-focused programmatic features; and (2) given a reimagining of urban water systems as critical forms of cultural production, it offers encouragement for interdisciplinary teams to commit to the task of infrastructure planning as a promising locus of integrative design.

Monitoring Crop Water Status and Irrigation Needs Using Multispectral Airborne Sensors

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 905D-905
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Clarke ◽  
M. Susan Moran
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Water Stress Index ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Water application efficiency can be improved by directly monitoring plant water status rather than depending on soil moisture measurements or modeled ET estimates. Plants receiving sufficient water through their roots have cooler leaves than those that are water-stressed, leading to the development of the Crop Water Stress Index based on hand-held infrared thermometry. Substantial error can occur in partial canopies, however, as exposed hot soil contributes to deceptively warm temperature readings. Mathematically comparing red and near-infrared reflectances provides a measure of vegetative cover, and this information was combined with thermal radiance to give a two-dimensional index capable of detecting water stress even with a low percentage of canopy cover. Thermal, red, and near-infrared images acquired over subsurface drip-irrigated cantaloupe fields demonstrated the method's ability to detect areas with clogged emitters, insufficient irrigation rate, and system water leaks.

An insight to the performance of crop water stress index for olive trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Agam ◽  
Y. Cohen ◽  
J.A.J. Berni ◽  
V. Alchanatis ◽  
D. Kool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Water Stress Index ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Crop Water Stress

scholarly journals Practical Applications of a Multisensor UAV Platform Based on Multispectral, Thermal and RGB High Resolution Images in Precision Viticulture

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Matese ◽  
Salvatore Di Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Water Stress Index ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Precision Viticulture

High spatial ground resolution and highly flexible and timely control due to reduced planning time are the strengths of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms for remote sensing applications. These characteristics make them ideal especially in the medium–small agricultural systems typical of many Italian viticulture areas of excellence. UAV can be equipped with a wide range of sensors useful for several applications. Numerous assessments have been made using several imaging sensors with different flight times. This paper describes the implementation of a multisensor UAV system capable of flying with three sensors simultaneously to perform different monitoring options. The intra-vineyard variability was assessed in terms of characterization of the state of vines vigor using a multispectral camera, leaf temperature with a thermal camera and an innovative approach of missing plants analysis with a high spatial resolution RGB camera. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values detected in different vigor blocks were compared with shoot weights, obtaining a good regression (R2 = 0.69). The crop water stress index (CWSI) map, produced after canopy pure pixel filtering, highlighted the homogeneous water stress areas. The performance index developed from RGB images shows that the method identified 80% of total missing plants. The applicability of a UAV platform to use RGB, multispectral and thermal sensors was tested for specific purposes in precision viticulture and was demonstrated to be a valuable tool for fast multipurpose monitoring in a vineyard.

scholarly journals MUWS (Microbiology in Urban Water Systems) – an interdisciplinary approach to study microbial communities in urban water systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Deines ◽  
R. Sekar ◽  
H. S. Jensen ◽  
S. Tait ◽  
J. B. Boxall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Urban Water Systems ◽  
Sewer Networks

Abstract. Microbiology in Urban Water Systems (MUWS) is an integrated project, which aims to characterize the microorganisms found in both potable water distribution systems and sewer networks. These large infrastructure systems have a major impact on our quality of life, and despite the importance of these systems as major components of the water cycle, little is known about their microbial ecology. Potable water distribution systems and sewer networks are both large, highly interconnected, dynamic, subject to time and varying inputs and demands, and difficult to control. Their performance also faces increasing loading due to increasing urbanization and longer-term environmental changes. Therefore, understanding the link between microbial ecology and any potential impacts on short or long-term engineering performance within urban water infrastructure systems is important. By combining the strengths and research expertise of civil-, biochemical engineers and molecular microbial ecologists, we ultimately aim to link microbial community abundance, diversity and function to physical and engineering variables so that novel insights into the performance and management of both water distribution systems and sewer networks can be explored. By presenting the details and principals behind the molecular microbiological techniques that we use, this paper demonstrates the potential of an integrated approach to better understand how urban water system function, and so meet future challenges.

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