Sol–Gel Derived Transparent Zirconium-Phenyl Siloxane Hybrid for Robust High Refractive Index LED Encapsulant

A novel active silicone–oligomers used as chemical intermediates in optical applications were synthesized and one of their derivatives, a transparent film with high refractive index, were presented.

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Hybrid zirconium sol-gel thin films with high refractive index

10.1117/12.900813 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arnaud Gorin ◽

Robert Copperwhite ◽

Salem Elmaghrum ◽

Colette McDonagh ◽

Mohamed Oubaha

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Refractive Index ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Refractive Index

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Characterisation of a Gold Nanorod Sol–Gel Utilising Inter-particle Coupling to Yield High Refractive Index Sensitivity

Plasmonics ◽

10.1007/s11468-011-9311-7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 331-339

Author(s):

Philip J. R. Roche ◽

Maurice Cha-Kiu Cheung ◽

Sandrine Filion-Côté ◽

Jonathan Milette ◽

Timothy Gonzalez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Refractive Index ◽

Gold Nanorod ◽

Refractive Index Sensitivity ◽

Index Sensitivity

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SiO2 and TiO2 Sol-Gel Blends with Tunable Optical and Electronic Properties

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2019.130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (11-12) ◽

pp. 689-695

Author(s):

Stephanie Arouh ◽

Roland Himmelhuber ◽

Robert A. Norwood

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Initial Mixture ◽

High Refractive Index ◽

Dielectric Constants ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Optical And Electronic Properties ◽

Tio2 Sol ◽

Coating Method ◽

Lower Refractive Index

Sol-gel blends are created using a combination of a high refractive index (n∼2.4) TiO2 based sol-gel and a low refractive index (n∼1.5) SiO2 based sol-gel. The blends are prepared with different ratios of sol-gels and films are created using the spin coating method on silicon and ITO-on-glass substrates. The film thickness, refractive index, and dielectric constants of the resulting films are measured using profilometry, prism coupling, and LCR measurements, respectively. Results show that including more SiO2 based sol-gel in the initial mixture creates thicker films ranging from 1-7 μm, but results in lower refractive index and lower dielectric constants. This is consistent with expectations due to SiO2 having a lower refractive index and dielectric constant than titania over a range of wavelengths andfrequencies. The ability to fine tune the properties is explored.

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Thermally Stable Transparent Sol−Gel Based Siloxane Hybrid Material with High Refractive Index for Light Emitting Diode (LED) Encapsulation

Chemistry of Materials ◽

10.1021/cm100903b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 3549-3555 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

Joon-Soo Kim ◽

SeungCheol Yang ◽

Byeong-Soo Bae

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Hybrid Material ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Refractive Index ◽

Thermally Stable ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Siloxane Hybrid Material

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A facile method for fabrication of titanium-doped hybrid materials with high refractive index

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c3ra46359a ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (27) ◽

pp. 13909-13918 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Xibing Zhan ◽

Qingyu Xing ◽

Huijuan Liu ◽

Junying Zhang ◽

Jue Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Hybrid Materials ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Refractive Index ◽

Sol Gel Process ◽

Facile Route

This paper presents a facile route to prepare a series of high refractive index and homogeneous hybrid resins with titanium in the backbone by a non-hydrolytic sol–gel process.

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Sol-gel-derived binary silica glasses with high refractive index

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids ◽

10.1016/s0022-3093(05)80483-1 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 146 ◽

pp. 121-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S. Satoh ◽

K. Susa ◽

I. Matsuyama

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Refractive Index ◽

Silica Glasses

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In situ Synthesis of High Refractive Index PDMS/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2012.17 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1400 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qiaoyu Lu ◽

Michael E. Mullins

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Metal Oxide ◽

Hybrid Materials ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Heat Stability ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

High Refractive Index ◽

Oxide Content ◽

Metal Alkoxides ◽

Silicone Polymers

ABSTRACTOrganic-inorganic hybrids have been prepared with tailorable and enhanced properties which are unachievable using polymers or ceramics alone. By combining the flexibility of polymers with the electronic and optical properties of ceramic materials, these hybrids offer great potential for many optical, electrical and mechanical applications. Silicone polymers because of their desirable surface properties, excellent physical properties, heat stability, and high resistance to chemical and UV attack, have been widely used. Hybrid siloxane-metal oxide gels have been prepared via sol-gel techniques, by using hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) crosslinked by metallic alkoxides, M(OR)n. In this technique, the use of organic solvents permits organic and inorganic components to be combined at a molecular level with the desired composition. By varying the type and percentage of metal alkoxides during synthesis, transparent and homogeneous organic-inorganic hybrid materials with unique properties were obtained. Also a secondary metal oxide species was introduced to synthesize binary metal oxide-PDMS hybrids. Systematic experiments were carried out to study the effect of the reaction conditions and metal alkoxides-PDMS ratios on the properties of the final hybrids. These hybrids were spin coating on silicon wafers or molded into bulk films to be tested. The composition and the properties of the transparent inorganic-organic hybrids were investigated and characterized by ellipsometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that the refractive index of the hybrid materials exhibits a proportional relationship with the metal oxide content, the higher the metal oxide content the higher the refractive index. The refractive index was increased from 1.4 of PDMS to 1.7 of metal oxide-PDMS hybrid with highest prepared metal oxide loading. From the FTIR spectra, the structures of the hybrids for various metal oxide-PDMS compositions were examined.

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Highly Sensitive Sensor Structure Based on Sol-Gel Waveguide Films and Grating Couplers

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10121389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1389

Author(s):

Paweł Karasiński ◽

Andrzej Kaźmierczak ◽

Magdalena Zięba ◽

Cuma Tyszkiewicz ◽

Katarzyna Wojtasik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Refractive Index ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Optical Quality ◽

Single Step ◽

High Optical Quality ◽

Grating Couplers ◽

Sensor Structure

The technologies of optical planar evanescent wave chemical and biochemical sensors require chemically resistant, high refractive index waveguide films having very good optical transmission properties. In this paper we present such two-compound SiOx:TiOy waveguide films fabricated by using the sol-gel method and the dip-coating technique. These films not only have high optical quality and low propagation losses but also an extremely high refractive index of >1.90 (λ = 632.8 nm). Further we demonstrate efficient and simple sensing structures, designed and fabricated based on these films. For this purpose, grating couplers with a period of Λ = 417 nm were fabricated on the interface between a waveguide film and cover using the single-step nanoimprint method. These sensing structures were tested as planar refractometers. The results of the theoretical analysis on the basis of which the structures were designed as well as results of their experimental characterization are presented in this work. Consequently, the relationship between parameters and the sensitivity of investigated sensing structures is discussed. As a result, the profitable properties of the designed grating coupler sensors are verified and excellent consistency between the results of the theoretical analysis and experimental results is achieved.

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