Milligram Scale Flammability Testing of Flame Retardant Polyurethane Foams

A phosphaphenanthrene groups containing soybean oil based polyol (DSBP) was synthesized by epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and 9,10-dihydro-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). Soybean oil based polyol (HSBP) was synthesized by ESO and H2O. The chemical structure of DSBP and HSBP were characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR. The corresponding rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were prepared by mixing DSBP with HSBP. The results revealed apparent density and compression strength of RPUFs decreased with increasing the DSBP content. The cell structure of RPUFs was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) which displayed the cells as spherical or polyhedral. The thermal degradation and flame retardancy of RPUFs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and UL 94 vertical burning test. The degradation activation energy (Ea) of first degradation stage reduced from 80.05 kJ/mol to 37.84 kJ/mol with 80 wt% DSBP. The RUPF with 80 wt% DSBP achieved UL94 V-0 rating and LOI 28.3. The results showed that the flame retardant effect was mainly in both gas phase and condensed phase.

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Synthesis and synergistic flame‐retardant effects of rigid polyurethane foams used reactive DOPO ‐based polyols combination with expandable graphite

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.50223 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 50223

Author(s):

Jingshui Xu ◽

Yuqiang Wu ◽

Bangling Zhang ◽

Guoliang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Expandable Graphite ◽

Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽

Synergistic Flame Retardant

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Mechanically Sustainable Starch-Based Flame-Retardant Coatings on Polyurethane Foams

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13081286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1286

Author(s):

Kyung-Who Choi ◽

Jun-Woo Kim ◽

Tae-Soon Kwon ◽

Seok-Won Kang ◽

Jung-Il Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Coating Layer ◽

Real Life ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Cone Calorimetry ◽

Coating Agent ◽

Cone Calorimeter Test

The use of halogen-based materials has been regulated since toxic substances are released during combustion. In this study, polyurethane foam was coated with cationic starch (CS) and montmorillonite (MMT) nano-clay using a spray-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to develop an eco-friendly, high-performance flame-retardant coating agent. The thickness of the CS/MMT coating layer was confirmed to have increased uniformly as the layers were stacked. Likewise, a cone calorimetry test confirmed that the heat release rate and total heat release of the coated foam decreased by about 1/2, and a flame test showed improved fire retardancy based on the analysis of combustion speed, flame size, and residues of the LbL-coated foam. More importantly, an additional cone calorimeter test was performed after conducting more than 1000 compressions to assess the durability of the flame-retardant coating layer when applied in real life, confirming the durability of the LbL coating by the lasting flame retardancy.

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