Coniferyl Ferulate Incorporation into Lignin Enhances the Alkaline Delignification and Enzymatic Degradation of Cell Walls

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2510-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Grabber ◽  
Ronald D. Hatfield ◽  
Fachuang Lu ◽  
John Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Alkaline Delignification

scholarly journals Histological studies on the development of Phoma root rot of alfalfa

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Rocío del P. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Tissue Degradation ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Scanning Electron

Several stages of the disease cycle of root rot of alfalfa caused by Phoma medicaginis var. medicaginis were studied by using scanning electron and light microscopy. First activity of the pathogen was the external colonization of the root. The pathogen penetrated directly causing discoloration and tissue disintegration. Inter- and intracellular penetration facilitated by enzymatic degradation was likely the mechanism involved in breaching the barrier of the epidermal cells. Colonization of the cortex was intercellular. Radial access to the xylem elements was achieved through the cortex. Host responses to invasion by the pathogen were suberization of cortical cell walls and occlusion of vessels with pectic substances and wound gum. Cavities in the cortex resulting from tissue degradation were associated with later stages of infection. Intracellular hyphae were observed in dead cells of the cortex and in the xylem. 

Enzymatic degradation of pectic substances and cell walls purified from carrot cell cultures

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruyoshi Konno ◽  
Yoshiki Yamasaki ◽  
Kenji Katoh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Pectic Substances ◽  
Carrot Cell ◽  
Carrot Cell Cultures

The host – pathogen interaction in the wasting disease of eelgrass, Zostera marina

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2081-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Muehlstein
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Marginal Areas

A marine epidemic of wasting disease decimated populations of eelgrass, Zostera marina L., in the early 1930s. Labyrinthula, a marine slime mold was the suspected pathogen, although the cause was never clearly determined. Presently, a recurrence of wasting disease of Z. marina was documented in populations along the coasts of North America and Europe. A pathogenic species of Labyrinthula, described as Labyrinthula zosterae Porter et Muehlstein, was identified as the primary microorganism causing the present wasting disease. Of all the microorganisms tested in laboratory disease tests, only L. zosterae caused disease symptoms. Direct microscopic observations revealed that Labyrinthula cells were found most frequently associated with marginal areas of disease symptoms and appeared to move rapidly through the tissue, directly penetrating cell walls. The ectoplasmic network that surrounds Labyrinthula cells appeared to have an important role in the enzymatic degradation of plant cell walls and presumably a role in the destruction of cytoplasmic contents of the plant cells. Direct contact of diseased leaves with healthy leaves was the mechanism of disease spread from plant to plant. Key words: Labyrinthula, Zostera marina, eelgrass wasting disease.

scholarly journals Identifying transcription factors that reduce wood recalcitrance and improve enzymatic degradation of xylem cell wall in Populus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Hori ◽  
Naoki Takata ◽  
Pui Ying Lam ◽  
Yuki Tobimatsu ◽  
Soichiro Nagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Xylem Cell

AbstractDeveloping an efficient deconstruction step of woody biomass for biorefinery has been drawing considerable attention since its xylem cell walls display highly recalcitrance nature. Here, we explored transcriptional factors (TFs) that reduce wood recalcitrance and improve saccharification efficiency in Populus species. First, 33 TF genes up-regulated during poplar wood formation were selected as potential regulators of xylem cell wall structure. The transgenic hybrid aspens (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) overexpressing each selected TF gene were screened for in vitro enzymatic saccharification. Of these, four transgenic seedlings overexpressing previously uncharacterized TF genes increased total glucan hydrolysis on average compared to control. The best performing lines overexpressing Pt × tERF123 and Pt × tZHD14 were further grown to form mature xylem in the greenhouse. Notably, the xylem cell walls exhibited significantly increased total xylan hydrolysis as well as initial hydrolysis rates of glucan. The increased saccharification of Pt × tERF123-overexpressing lines could reflect the improved balance of cell wall components, i.e., high cellulose and low xylan and lignin content, which could be caused by upregulation of cellulose synthase genes upon the expression of Pt × tERF123. Overall, we successfully identified Pt × tERF123 and Pt × tZHD14 as effective targets for reducing cell wall recalcitrance and improving the enzymatic degradation of woody plant biomass.

scholarly journals Epigallocatechin gallate incorporation into lignin enhances the alkaline delignification and enzymatic saccharification of cell walls

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasikumar Elumalai ◽  
Yuki Tobimatsu ◽  
John H Grabber ◽  
Xuejun Pan ◽  
John Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Alkaline Delignification

scholarly journals Ester- and ether-linked phenolic acids in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and their digestion from cell walls when fed to sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneo Kondo ◽  
Tomoko Ohshita ◽  
Tadashi Kyuma
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Ferulic Acids ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Cell Wall Materials

Ester- and ether-linked p-coumaric (PCA) and ferulic acids (FA) in cell wall materials from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), hays harvested at the heading stage and feces samples from sheep fed the orchardgrass hays were analyzed. Results showed that ether-linked PCA and FA were more resistant to ruminant digestion and enzymatic degradation than ester-linked PCA and FA. Key words: p-coumaric acid, esters, ethers, ferulic acid, orchardgrass, sheep digestion

Metal loading and enzymatic degradation of fungal cell walls and chitin

BioMetals ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Krantz-R�lcker ◽  
E. Fr�ndberg ◽  
J. Schn�rer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Metal Loading ◽  
Fungal Cell Walls

Organically-Bound Silicon Enhances Resistance to Enzymatic Degradation and Nanomechanical Properties of Rice Plant Cell Walls

2021 ◽  
pp. 118057
Author(s):  
Junbao Pu ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Wenjun Zhang ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Xiuqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Contact Site of Conidia and Trichogynes in Cladonia Furcata

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmarie Honegger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Contact Site ◽  
Contact Sites ◽  
Circular Holes ◽  
Adhesion Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe contact sites of pycnidia and the terminal cells of trichogynes in Cladonia furcata were investigated using either freshly fixed material, or ascomatal primordia and pycnidia from which the gelatinous material either on the primordial surface, or in the pycnidial cavity, had been removed. The sickle-shaped conidia fused, tip first, with the cell wall of trichogynes. Circular holes of about the diameter of the conidia found in the cell walls of trichogynes arise from enzymatic degradation of the wall material by fusing conidia. As the conidia appear to stick on any gelatinous surface material of the thallus the adhesion process is presumed to be unspecific.

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