Determination of Syngas Premixed Gasoline and Methanol Combustion Products at Chemical Equilibrium via Lagrange Multipliers Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 2076-2091
Author(s):  
Osman Sinan Süslü ◽  
Ipek Becerik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Lagrange Multipliers ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Multipliers Method

Determination of Traces Heavy Metals from Solid Residues Formed by Combustion of Lignite in Relation to Degree of Accessibility in Soil and Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2363-2366
Author(s):  
Delia Nica Badea
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Risk Potential

The paper evaluates the presence and content of traces of heavy metals Hg, Pb, Ni, Cd (total forms) from coal and solid combustion products, the degree of transfer and accessibility in the area of influence of a lignite power plant. The content of toxic heavy metals in residues are characterized by RE Meiji [ 1 (Pb and Hg) and REMeij �1 (Ni and Cd) for the filter ash. Pb and Ni content in the soil exceeds normal values, and Pb exceeds and alert value for sensitive soils around the residue deposit (70.20 mg.Kg-1). The degree of accessibility of the metals in plants (TF), reported at the Khan reference value (0.5), indicates a significant bioaccumulation level for the metals: Cd (1.9) and Hg (0.6) inside the deposit; Cd (0.39) at the base of the deposit, Hg (0.8) in the area of the thermal power plant. The trace levels of heavy metals analyzed by GFAAS and CVAAS (Hg), indicates a moderate risk potential for food safety and quality of life in the studied area.

Determination of eigenvectors with Lagrange multipliers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wooyong Han ◽  
Dong-Won Jung ◽  
Jungil Lee ◽  
Chaehyun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Lagrange Multipliers

The Determination of Maximum Range for an Unpowered Atmospheric Vehicle

1964 ◽  
Vol 68 (638) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Calculus Of Variations ◽  
Lagrange Multipliers ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Initial Portion ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Isothermal Atmosphere

SummaryThe problem of maximising the range of a given unpowered, air-launched vehicle is formed as one of Mayer type in the calculus of variations. Eulers’ necessary conditions for the existence of an extremal are stated together with the natural end conditions. The problem reduces to finding the incidence programme which will give the greatest range.The vehicle is assumed to be an air-to-ground, winged unpowered vehicle flying in an isothermal atmosphere above a flat earth. It is also assumed to be a point mass acted upon by the forces of lift, drag and weight. The acceleration due to gravity is assumed constant.The fundamental constraints of the problem and the Euler-Lagrange equations are programmed for an automatic digital computer. By considering the Lagrange multipliers involved in the problem a method of search is devised based on finding flight paths with maximum range for specified final velocities. It is shown that this method leads to trajectories which are sufficiently close to the “best” trajectory for most practical purposes.It is concluded that such a method is practical and is particularly useful in obtaining the optimum incidence programme during the initial portion of the flight path.

Determination of the limits of applicability of the chemical equilibrium model to the detonation products of gas mixtures

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. F. Bryakina ◽  
S. A. Gubin ◽  
A. M. Tereza ◽  
V. A. Shargatov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Detonation Products ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium Model

Simplified Version of the Ampoule–Persulfate Method for Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. McDowell ◽  
Jonathan J. Cole ◽  
Charles T. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Digestion Procedure ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Continuous Stream

A simplified method for the determination of dissolved organic carbon is based upon the ampoule–persulfate wet digestion procedure. The modification proposed involves use of a continuous stream of sparging gas (technical grade oxygen) during the ampoule sealing process to minimize entry of combustion products from the sealing flame. The method provides reliable results with a minimum of training and equipment compared with other methods of sealing ampoules. Further, the proposed method is inexpensive, relatively simple, and compares favorably with costly, automated analysis of dissolved organic carbon.

Misbehavior in High Temperature Equilibrium of Water-Gas Reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 346-351
Author(s):  
Radu Dan Rugescu ◽  
Florin Radu Bacaran
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Solid Propellant ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Linearization Method ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Direct Linearization ◽  
Temperature Equilibrium ◽  
Water Gas

The observation that the chemical equilibrium between the combustion products of solid propellant samples within static calorimeters is unexpectedly freezing at high temperatures is proved through a general numerical simulation of the isochoric cooling with chemical reactions between the gaseous products. A proprietary, direct linearization method of thermochemical computation is used that enables following any chemical reaction in equilibrium with high convergence. The observed chemical freezing within calorimeters is proved.

Chemical Equilibrium; Determination of an Equilibrium Constant

1966 ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
FRANK BRESCIA ◽  
JOHN ARENTS ◽  
HERBERT MEISLICH ◽  
AMOS TURK
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Constant ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium

Determination of the equilibrium compositions of combustion products

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
M. M. Kitain ◽  
E. I. Katin
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Products
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