Determination of the equilibrium compositions of combustion products

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
M. M. Kitain ◽  
E. I. Katin
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Products

Determination of Traces Heavy Metals from Solid Residues Formed by Combustion of Lignite in Relation to Degree of Accessibility in Soil and Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2363-2366
Author(s):  
Delia Nica Badea
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Risk Potential

The paper evaluates the presence and content of traces of heavy metals Hg, Pb, Ni, Cd (total forms) from coal and solid combustion products, the degree of transfer and accessibility in the area of influence of a lignite power plant. The content of toxic heavy metals in residues are characterized by RE Meiji [ 1 (Pb and Hg) and REMeij �1 (Ni and Cd) for the filter ash. Pb and Ni content in the soil exceeds normal values, and Pb exceeds and alert value for sensitive soils around the residue deposit (70.20 mg.Kg-1). The degree of accessibility of the metals in plants (TF), reported at the Khan reference value (0.5), indicates a significant bioaccumulation level for the metals: Cd (1.9) and Hg (0.6) inside the deposit; Cd (0.39) at the base of the deposit, Hg (0.8) in the area of the thermal power plant. The trace levels of heavy metals analyzed by GFAAS and CVAAS (Hg), indicates a moderate risk potential for food safety and quality of life in the studied area.

Simplified Version of the Ampoule–Persulfate Method for Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. McDowell ◽  
Jonathan J. Cole ◽  
Charles T. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Digestion Procedure ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Continuous Stream

A simplified method for the determination of dissolved organic carbon is based upon the ampoule–persulfate wet digestion procedure. The modification proposed involves use of a continuous stream of sparging gas (technical grade oxygen) during the ampoule sealing process to minimize entry of combustion products from the sealing flame. The method provides reliable results with a minimum of training and equipment compared with other methods of sealing ampoules. Further, the proposed method is inexpensive, relatively simple, and compares favorably with costly, automated analysis of dissolved organic carbon.

Energy Savings and Pollution Reduction by Coupling a Three-Kiln Brick Production System for the Construction Industry

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa H. Cha´vez ◽  
Javier de J. Guadarrama ◽  
Leticia Carapia ◽  
Abel Herna´ndez-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
General Law ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Heavy Fuels

Atmospheric pollution is one of the most important environmental problems, becoming a phenomenon that could reach levels of serious consequences with irreversible environmental impacts. In Mexico, like in several other countries, brick makers carry out brick production by burning mixtures of different heavy fuels. Because of the wide variety of fuels used it is necessary to determine what types of residual gases are generated, in order to propose remedial treatments in production or to introduce substitution technologies. These preventive actions need to be put in place in order to comply with the Ecological Balance and Environment Protection General Law. Brick kilns emit pollutant gases and particles that remain in the air causing a serious health hazard to the near-factory residents. Amongst these pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx) and hydrocarbons. This paper presents the results of the analysis of a novel 3-kilns coupled system. This experimental analysis includes the determination of the combustion products for gases and particulate matter generated from the burning of the heavy fuels using Gas Chromatography and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Field data also allowed the determination of energy savings for this system, mainly due to the reduction of the consumption of fuel. Fortunately these results show a combined 30% energy savings and a reduction of pollutants and particle emissions.

New Instrumental Combustion Method for the Microdetermination of Phosphorus

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-786
Author(s):  
PAul R Handy ◽  
Alexander Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Analysis Time ◽  
Final Measurement ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Polymer Bead ◽  
Nanogram Level

Abstract An apparatus has been designed for the determination of microgram quantities of phosphorus-containing compounds. Both inorganic and organic compounds are reduced to phosphine under a stream of hydrogen in a quartz tube at 900-1000°C. The phosphine is separated from other combustion products on sequential alumina and porous polymer bead columns with final measurement by a thermionic GLC detector. The method routinely requires microgram samples with sensitivity capabilities to the nanogram level. The analysis time per sample is less than 5 min.

Automated Determination of Protein-Nitrogen in Cereals and Grains

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1238-1242
Author(s):  
Robert N Revesz ◽  
Norman Aker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Sample ◽  
Automated Determination

Abstract This paper presents the design, performance, and operational characteristics of a new direct reading instrument for determining nitrogen in cereal and grain. Precision, accuracy, range, speed, ease of operation, sensitivity, sample size, and flexibility of the instrument are presented. Results on various cereals and grains are presented and compared with those obtained by the Kjeldahl technique. The apparatus is the result of research for a rapid method for determining nitrogen in organic material. The instrument uses a combination of a unique high temperature sample oxidation, a sampling valve for separating combustion products, and thermal conductivity detection for the liberated nitrogen in a helium carrier gas.

Determination of Syngas Premixed Gasoline and Methanol Combustion Products at Chemical Equilibrium via Lagrange Multipliers Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 2076-2091
Author(s):  
Osman Sinan Süslü ◽  
Ipek Becerik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Lagrange Multipliers ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Multipliers Method

scholarly journals Methods for the speciation and determination of arsenic and selenium in coal combustion products

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Schabron ◽  
B.K. Hart ◽  
N.D. Niss ◽  
T.H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Coal Combustion Products

scholarly journals Determination of alternative fuels combustion products: Phase 2 final report

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Phase 2

scholarly journals ABSORBER PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT THROUGH SOLVENT CONCENTRATION CHANGES TO REGULATE EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Concentration Changes

This work highlighted the determination of the best concentration profile for the operation of an absorber with potential to cut down combustion products emissions from the complete combustion reaction scheme of a combustion system waste stream. The proposed solvent concentration had a range of 1.84%-2.20% of caustic entrainment, therefore further increase on the solvent concentration above 2.20% is not feasible. Incremental changes of 0.06% were made to assess the optimal concentration required for best absorber performance. A process simulation software, ASPEN HYSYS 8.6, was utilized to simulate the emissions profile with PENG-ROBINSON as the Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium evaluation tool in the software. The study found the performance of the absorber improved with a corresponding increase in the concentration with 2.20% giving the most efficient removal rate of 61.59%, 26.5% and 85.2% for SO2, CO2 and NO2, respectively. The study recommended that one veritable method of improving the performance of absorber systems is to increase the concentration of the alkali based solvent to cut down on emissions from flue gas systems.

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