Radiocarbon Apportionment of Fossil versus Biofuel Combustion Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Stockholm Metropolitan Area

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (20) ◽  
pp. 5344-5349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manolis Mandalakis ◽  
Örjan Gustafsson ◽  
Christopher M. Reddy ◽  
Li Xu
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Combustion Sources

Contamination of Antarctic snow by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dominated by combustion sources in the polar region

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kukučka ◽  
Gerhard Lammel ◽  
Alice Dvorská ◽  
Jana Klánová ◽  
Andrea Möller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Combustion Sources

Environmental context Is long-range transport from populated and industrialised areas to blame for pollution of remote regions? We report that, for the world's most remote region, Antarctica, and one prominent class of global pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, long-range transport from other continents has not contributed significantly to recent snow contamination. Rather, the major sources are regional scientific stations and ocean transport, mostly tourism. Abstract Firn samples attributed to the period between 2002 and 2005 were collected from a snow pit on the Ekström Shelf Ice in the Weddell Sea (70°43.8′S, 8°25.1′W). Low-volume meltwater samples (5 mL) were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The recovery of the analytical method for the 4–6 ring PAHs was low. PAH concentrations in snow were found within the range of 26–197 ng L–1. The most prevailing substances were determined to be naphthalene, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene, with naphthalene accounting for an overall mean of 82% of total PAH. Potential emission sources of PAHs in snow were studied using back-trajectory statistics and available emission data of combustion sources in and around Antarctica. The distance to the sources (ships and research stations) in this region was found to control the snow PAH concentrations. There was no indication for intercontinental transport or marine sources.

scholarly journals Megacity emission plume characteristics in summer and winter investigated by mobile aerosol and trace gas measurements: the Paris metropolitan area

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 11249-11299 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-L. von der Weiden-Reinmüller ◽  
F. Drewnick ◽  
Q. J. Zhang ◽  
F. Freutel ◽  
M. Beekmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Background Air ◽  
Transformation Processes

Abstract. For the investigation of megacity emission plume characteristics mobile aerosol and trace gas measurements were carried out in the greater Paris region in July 2009 and January/February 2010 within the EU FP7 MEGAPOLI project. The deployed instruments measured physical and chemical properties of sub-micron aerosol particles, gas phase constituents of relevance for urban air pollution studies and meteorological parameters. The emission plume was identified based on fresh pollutant (e.g. particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, black carbon, CO2 and NOx) concentration changes in combination with wind direction data. The classification into megacity influenced and background air masses allowed a characterization of the emission plume during summer and winter environmental conditions. On average, a clear increase of fresh pollutant concentrations in plume compared to background air masses was found for both seasons. For example, an average increase of 190% (+8.8 ng m−3) in summer and of 130% (+18.1 ng m−3) in winter was found for particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in plume air masses. The aerosol particle size distribution in plume air masses was influenced by nucleation and growth due to coagulation and condensation in summer, while in winter only the second process seemed to be initiated by urban pollution. The observed distribution of fresh pollutants in the emission plume – its cross sectional Gaussian-like profile and the exponential decrease of pollutant concentrations with increasing distance to the megacity – are in agreement with model results. Differences between model and measurements were found for plume center location, plume width and axial plume extent. In general, dilution was identified as the dominant process determining the axial variations within the Paris emission plume. For in-depth analysis of transformation processes occurring in the advected plume, simultaneous measurements at a suburban measurement site and a stationary site outside the metropolitan area using the mobile laboratory have proven to be most useful. Organic aerosol oxidation was observed in summer, while in winter transformation processes seemed to occur at a slower rate.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in filterable PM 2.5 emissions generated from regulated stationary sources in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Herrera Murillo ◽  
José Félix Rojas Marín ◽  
Violeta Mugica Álvarez ◽  
David Solórzano Arias ◽  
Víctor Hugo Beita Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Stationary Sources
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