scholarly journals Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry of Lead Oxide Particles with Nitrogen Dioxide Increases Lead Solubility: Environmental and Health Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (23) ◽  
pp. 12806-12813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Baltrusaitis ◽  
Haihan Chen ◽  
Gayan Rubasinghege ◽  
Vicki H. Grassian
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry

Standard States and Thermochemical Kinetics in Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (24) ◽  
pp. 6312-6316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Donaldson ◽  
M. Ammann ◽  
T. Bartels-Rausch ◽  
U. Pöschl
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Thermochemical Kinetics ◽  
Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Standard States

Fast-Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry in Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Pronchev ◽  
I.A. Korobeinikova ◽  
A.N. Yermakov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Fast Atom Bombardment ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Ferric Ions ◽  
Fab Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Given ◽  
Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry

The application of fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry to solving the problems of heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry is briefly reviewed. The method is useful in studying the state of surfaces and molecules adsorbed thereon and looks appropriate in investigations of the dynamics and mechanisms of chemical reactions occurring both on a surface and in a volume of moving particulate matter suspended in a gas. It was shown that composition of atmospheric aerosols and components dissolved in atmospheric water (clouds, fogs, mists etc.) can be determined by the FAB technique. The given method, as was found in our investigations, allows the discrimination of ferrous and ferric ions. Detection limits for concentrations of H2SO4 and Fe(II / III) ions as essential components of atmospheric water determined in model experiments are established at the level of 10−6 M.

scholarly journals Using 13N as tracer in heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry experiments

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amman
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Condensed Phases ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry

Current techniques aiming to study heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry under realistic conditions are often subject to restrictions caused by the low amount of processed material, the complex composition of gas and condensed phases and interference issues. The use of the short-lived tracer

An estimate of the rate of growth of lead oxide particles in engine gases

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Oxide Particles

scholarly journals Global Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on the Surface Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph A. Keller ◽  
Mathew J. Evans ◽  
K. Emma Knowland ◽  
Christa A. Hasenkopf ◽  
Sruti Modekurty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The Us ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Surface O3

Abstract. Social-distancing to combat the COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread reductions in air pollutant emissions. Quantifying these changes requires a business as usual counterfactual that accounts for the synoptic and seasonal variability of air pollutants. We use a machine learning algorithm driven by information from the NASA GEOS-CF model to assess changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) at 5756 observation sites in 46 countries from January through June 2020. Reductions in NO2 correlate with timing and intensity of COVID-19 restrictions, ranging from 60 % in severely affected cities (e.g., Wuhan, Milan) to little change (e.g., Rio de Janeiro, Taipei). On average, NO2 concentrations were 18 % lower than business as usual from February 2020 onward. China experienced the earliest and steepest decline, but concentrations since April have mostly recovered and remained within 5 % to the business as usual estimate. NO2 reductions in Europe and the US have been more gradual with a halting recovery starting in late March. We estimate that the global NOx (NO + NO2) emission reduction during the first 6 months of 2020 amounted to 2.9 TgN, equivalent to 5.1 % of the annual anthropogenic total. The response of surface O3 is complicated by competing influences of non-linear atmospheric chemistry. While surface O3 increased by up to 50 % in some locations, we find the overall net impact on daily average O3 between February–June 2020 to be small. However, our analysis indicates a flattening of the O3 diurnal cycle with an increase in night time ozone due to reduced titration and a decrease in daytime ozone, reflecting a reduction in photochemical production. The O3 response is dependent on season, time scale, and environment, with declines in surface O3 forecasted if NOx emission reductions continue.

Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry of Alternative Halocarbon Oxidation Intermediates

1997 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
C. E. Kolb ◽  
Douglas R. Worsnop ◽  
M. S. Zahniser ◽  
W. J. De Bruyn ◽  
Jeffrey A. Shorter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry

scholarly journals Temporal characteristics of atmospheric ammonia and nitrogen dioxide over China based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling since 1980

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiuying Zhang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Atmospheric Ammonia ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

Abstract. China is experiencing intense air pollution caused in large part by anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr). Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most important precursors for Nr compounds (including N2O5, HNO3, HONO and particulate NO3− and NH4+) in the atmosphere. Understanding the changes of NH3 and NO2 has important implications for the regulation of anthropogenic Nr emissions, and is a requirement for assessing the consequence of environmental impacts. We conducted the temporal trend analysis of atmospheric NH3 and NO2 on a national scale since 1980 based on emission data (during 1980–2010), satellite observations (for NH3 since 2008 and for NO2 since 2005) and atmospheric chemistry transport modeling (during 2008–2015). Based on the emission data, during 1980–2010, both significant continuous increasing trend of NH3 and NOx were observed from REAS (Regional Emission inventory in Asia, for NH3 0.17 kg N ha−1 y−2 and for NOx 0.16 kg N ha−1 y−2) and EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, for NH3 0.24 kg N ha−1 y−2 and for NOx 0.17 kg N ha−1 y−2) over China. Based on the satellite data and atmospheric chemistry transport modeling named as the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), the NO2 columns over China increased significantly (p<0.01) from 2005 to 2011 and then decreased significantly from 2011 to 2015; the satellite-retrieved NH3 columns from 2008 to 2014 had no big changes but increased in 2015 (large increase from satellite IASI, but slight increase from MOZART-4). The decrease in NO2 columns since 2011 may result from more stringent strategies taken to control NOx emissions during the 12th Five-Year-Plan, while no control policy focused on NH3 emissions. Our findings provided an overall insight on the temporal trends of both NO2 and NH3 since 1980 based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling. These findings can provide a scientific background for policy-makers that are attempting to control atmospheric pollution in China. Moreover, the multivariate data used in this study have implications for estimating long-term Nr deposition datasets to assess its impact on soil, forest, water and greenhouse balance.

In situ transformations of fine lead oxide particles in different soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Birkefeld ◽  
Rainer Schulin ◽  
Bernd Nowack
Keyword(s):  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Different Soils
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