Oxyethylation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters. Molar Ratio and Temperature Effects. Pressure Drop Modeling

Abstract. Eversa Transform was used as an enzymatic catalyst to transform glandless and crude (heavy pigment) cottonseed oils into biodiesel. The oils were reacted with methanol at a 6:1 molar ratio with modified amounts of water, lipase, and temperature. Reactions were conducted in the presence of lipase and water at doses of 2, 5, and 8 wt% and 1, 3, and 6 wt%, respectively. Product composition and conversion were determined using the gas chromatography method of ASTM D6584. Oxidative stability was determined following EN 15751. The conversion to fatty acid methyl esters averaged 98.5% across all samples. Temperature had the most significant effect on conversion (p < 0.0035). Lipase and water dosages did not affect conversion, while each had an effect with temperature that was significant across the difference between 3 and 1 wt% water content and between 8 and 5 wt% enzyme content between the two temperatures (p = 0.0018 and 0.0153), respectively. Induction periods (oxidative stability) of the glandless and crude cottonseed oils were significantly different, but there was no difference between the two oil conversions based on oil type. Keywords: Biodiesel, Cottonseed oil, Fatty acid methyl esters, Lipase, Oxidative stability, Transesterification.

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Novel sequential batch membrane reactor to increase fatty acid methyl esters quality at low methanol to oil molar ratio

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.038 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 459-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

I. Reyes ◽

G. Ciudad ◽

M. Misra ◽

A. Mohanty ◽

D. Jeison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Membrane Reactor ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Acid Methyl

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Synthesis of Biodiesel by Different Carriers Supported KOH Catalyst

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.197 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 581-582 ◽

pp. 197-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ling Mei Yang ◽

Peng Mei Lv ◽

Zhen Hong Yuan ◽

Wen Luo ◽

Hui Wen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Catalyst Amount ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

And Performance

Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to methyl eaters was found proceed in the presence of KOH loaded on five different oxides (CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Bentonite, kaolin) as heterogeneous catalysts. The structure and performance of these catalysts were studied using the techniques of XRD, CO2-TPD, and SEM. It was found that the 15wt% KOH/CaO catalyst provided best activity. In the presence of this catalyst, the yield of fatty acid methyl esters was 97.1%. The reaction conditions were as follows: methanol to soybean oil molar ratio was 16:1, temperature of 65 °C, reaction time of 1 h, and a catalyst amount of 4 wt%. The catalysts of KOH loaded on CaO showed a new crystalline phase of K2O. However, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has more basic sites than the catalyst of 15-KOH/MgO. Therefore, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has been associated with higher transesterification activity.

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Biodiesel production from vegetable oil refinery waste using ohmic-assisted esterification

10.21203/rs.3.rs-526966/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Afsaneh Alishahi ◽

MEHRDAD NIAKOUSARI ◽

Mohammad Taghi Golmakani

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Oil Refinery ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Conversion Yield ◽

Refinery Waste ◽

Acid Methyl

Abstract The ohmic-assisted esterification method was compared and contrasted with the conventional esterification method for biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) production from vegetable oil refinery waste containing high free fatty acids. The reaction variables were free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio (1:1, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15), catalyst concentration (1%, 2%, and 3%) and reaction time (5, 30, and 60 min). By increasing the conversion yield of free fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters, density increased while viscosity and refractive index decreased. Optimum reaction conditions were a molar ratio of 1:10 and a catalyst concentration of 3% after 60 min of esterification reaction, while having a 95.74% conversion yield. There was no significant difference between fatty acid methyl esters produced with ohmic-assisted esterification and conventional esterification methods in terms of fatty acid profile, physicochemical and heating properties. Meanwhile, energy consumption by the conventional esterification method was about 25% higher than that of ohmic-assisted esterification. In fact, ohmic-assisted esterification can be considered as a green, cost-effective alternative method for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oil refinery waste.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Biodiesel from Khaya senegalensis Seed Oil using Heterogeneous Catalyst

International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS) ◽

10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v2i4p111 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 101-107

Author(s):

Mohammed Babakura ◽

Jibrin M. Yelwa ◽

Abubakar Ibrahim ◽

Bashir M. Aliyu ◽

Jibrin Y. Yahaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Acid Value ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Khaya Senegalensis

Biodiesel was produced by transesterifying Khaya senegalensis oil with methanol in the presence of Al2O3 as catalyst. Molar ratio of 15:1 (methanol to oil) was followed to shift the reaction to product side for more yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and the use of a heterogeneous catalyst enabled the reaction to proceed faster. The oil and biodiesel were characterized following ASTM standards. The free fatty acid, acid value, viscosity, specific gravity, moisture content, saponification value, pour point, cloud point were examined in this research and the result obtained show that Khaya senegalensis Seed Oil is a good for biodiesel production. The biodiesel obtained was separated from glycerol, washed with distilled water and dried. Samples of oil and biodiesel were scan within mid-infrared region of 4000 cm-1 – 400 cm-1 with fourier transform infrared spectrometer by agilent technologies. The spectra obtained were interpreted and analyzed with the aid of structure correlation chart. The results revealed that the biodiesel contained fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The FTIR spectrum for the biodiesel revealed the functional groups with characteristics bands, C=O, -(CH2)n-, C-O, C=C and C-H in the spectrum.

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