The Role of Digital Consumer Protection in Mediating the Effect of Mobile Money usage towards Financial Inclusion: an Evidence from Buleleng, Indonesia

The current utilization of digital services especially in finance sector among the productive age communities is increasing. Mobile money utilization and the implementation of a digitalization system in the financial sector are expected to increase financial inclusion. By increasing financial inclusion, the poverty rate is also expected to be reduced. Buleleng Regency is one of regency in Bali Province, Indonesia which has a high poverty rate. It is necessary to increase financial inclusion through mobile money usage. However, it is also necessary to increase consumer protection to support this digitalization. This research aims to determine the effect of mobile money usage on financial inclusion with digital consumer protection as a mediator in productive age communities in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. The population of this research consists of 439,400 people from productive age group in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. This research used a non-probability sampling technique with the total of 477 samples. This research applies the Sobel test, Baron and Kenny’s mediation analysis, and the PROCESS method by Hayes. The results of this study show that digital consumer protection partially mediates the effect of the mobile money usage on financial inclusion in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to regulators and related agencies in Indonesia to show more attention about the safety factors of mobile money users by strengthening consumer protection in terms of both regulation and the system reliability. Furthermore, it is also necessary to develop education programs on how to manage finance properly by using mobile money in order to improve people’s welfare.

Potential of Spent Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom Substrate as Compost

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation produces waste in the form of mushroom substrate that has passed the production period and contaminated substrate. Non-productive spent mushroom substrates (SMS) still contain nutrients that allow them to be composted. The main goal of this study is to determine the potential of SMS as compost. The composting was done by mixing each of the old substrate waste (P1) and contaminated (P2) with a solution of EM4 and sugar. Temperature measurement and material compost stirring were done every week. The test results after 8 weeks of composting showed that the physical characteristics of compost, including the color and texture, have complied with the standards of SNI 19-7030-2004, which was brown and smooth. P1 compost has an earthy odor while P2 compost still has a slight woody. The mass of P1 and P2 composts decreased by 32% and 32,4%, respectively. Micronutrients such as Fe, Zn, and Mo were varied and according to SNI 19-7030-2004, Minister of Agriculture Regulations No.28/Permentan/SR.130/5/2009 as well as Minister of Agriculture Regulations No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Co did not comply with the standard. The water content, pH, and macronutrients such as N-total, P2O5, K2O dan C-organic in both types of compost were according to SNI 19-7030-2004, Minister of Agriculture Regulations No.28/Permentan/SR.130/5/2009 or Minister of Agriculture Regulations No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. The C/N ratio in compost was still high, compost P1 and P2 had 25,26% and 25,16%. To reduce the C/N ratio of compost, it is necessary to carry out several treatments such as increasing the decomposition time or adding other organic materials during the composting process. The addition of organic materials such as manure or bran allows the microbial activators to be optimally in decomposing compost material to shorten the composting time.

Green Growth, Food Safety and Environnement Quality: Theoretical Study in Developing Countrys

This paper examines the relationship between green growth, food safety and environnement protection. Our analysis is based on a theoretical study aimed to know if the green economy is an effective solution to the problem of poverty and under-nourishment and protective of the environment in developing countrys or it is just a component of any strategy for growth economy. In this way, green economic theories encompass a wide range of ideas all dealing with the interconnected relationship between people and the environment. Our theorical study shows that green economy have an important role to reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, also is a good solution to reduce poverty, under-nourishment and assure food safety, if political orders is made.

Financial Ratio Analysis of Pine Sap Commodity: Case Study on Community Forest Area in Indonesia

Community Forest is a scheme that aims to empower local communities and provide access to manage protected or production forest areas. The pine sap commodity is one of the sources of livelihood for the community by utilizing existing access. Financial ratio analysis is very important to determine the value added of marketing margins and profit margins from the pine sap commodities that have been turned into a product. Respondents were selected based on people who worked as pine sap collectors, from farmers to the pine sap processing industry who bought and processed the pine sap products. The results showed that the pine sap processed by the pine sap processing industry was in the form of gondorukem and turpentine which were then marketed to international markets, namely India, Vietnam, and China with different financial ratios for each business actor.

Assessing the Potential of Real Estate Investment Trust in Financing Real Estate Development Projects

One of the crucial challenges facing real estate development in Nigeria is finance. The informal sources of finance are grossly inadequate, and access to formal finance instruments is difficult. This study aimed at investigating the potential of REIT structure as an option for financing real estate development in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to; evaluate the external factors influencing the performance, future growth and development of N-REITs as it affects funding of real estate development projects; and appraise the future prospects of N-REITs as a viable option in financing real estate development projects. A survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 275 stakeholders comprising 221 real estate developers, and 54 senior staff members of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), all in Abuja, were conveniently selected for the study. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyse the data. Findings show that equity capital (47.8%), commercial banks (26.2%), and mortgage banks (16.5%) are the major sources of real estate development finance in Nigeria. The key external factors influencing N-REITs performance were strategic property locations (4.43 ± 0.82), tax treatment (4.34 ± 0.78), and political risks (4.10 ± 1.12); while the most important prospects of N-REITs in financing real estate development projects include; increase in supply of real properties (4.1 ± 1.02), portfolio diversification (3.88 ± 1.10), and liquidity in real estate sector (3.69 ± 1.22). The study concludes that, in implementing high level sensitisation, transparency, infrastructure provision and review of regulations guiding REIT’s operation, N-REIT most probably becomes a viable option for financing real estate development.

Impact De La Motivation Financière Du Personnel De Santé Sur La Qualité Des Soins Administrés Aux Patients A L’hôpital Général De Référence De Kalemie (RDC)

Introduction: Motivation (financial and / or non-financial) remains the essential element that allows health personnel to carry out their work with objectivity, ethics and strict respect of profession rules. The aim of this study was to help improve the provision of care by health workers. Methods: This was a prospective cohort descriptive and analytical study carried out among health personnel at the Kalemie General Referral Hospital (DRC) from October 2016 to June 2017, i.e. eight months. Results: Out of 102 health personnel questioned, 49 (or 48%) are satisfied with their financial situation. Only 21 health personnel (20.6%) receive full compensation made up of risk premiums and salary from the national level. The large gap in risk premium between nurses and doctors remains an obstacle to real harmony in service delivery. Salaries do not allow the staff questioned to meet monthly needs and there is frustration and violation of ethical and deontological rules. In the majority of cases, patient care was continuous and honest, hours of care respected, and regularity of service respected. This performance is justified by professional experience, dedication to patients and the expectations of improving the living and working conditions of health personnel. On the other hand, the care was not comprehensive and the reception of patients was of poor quality. Conclusion: The results of this study show an urgent need to organize and improve the working conditions of health personnel, which will enable them to carry out patient care activities with professionalism, ethics and respect of deontological rules. The considerable impact is to avoid the uncontrolled movements of strikes.

Towards realization of Board Gender Diversity in Deposit Taking SACCOs in Kenya: A critical review and synthesis

Corporate boards play a critical strategic role in charting the direction and performance of organizations. Such entities ought to embrace diversity since this influences work relations and performance through offering greater perspectives from different lenses on business issues, opportunities as well as wider scope of ideas and solutions. Board gender diversity is ubiquitous as it is the most debated diversity issue in firms. Guidelines and/or mandatory laws have been enacted by several countries including Kenya, to enhance gender diversity on company boards so as to eradicate the existing social and labor grievances that women have been experiencing. Female representation in company boards still remains far from the desired levels despite the enactment of these laws. This study’s main purpose was to recapitulate and critically review literature on board gender diversity. The paper interrogated the importance of board gender diversity, the laws touching on gender diversity issues and empirically reviewed literature on board gender diversity and performance. The study used secondary data. The paper posits that board gender diversity is a driver of organizational performance as well as a way of bolstering inclusivity of both genders on boards thus fulfilling legal expectations. The paper recommends that it is indispensable for Deposit Taking SACCOs to consider gender diversity when electing persons to boards if such entities hope to enrich board decision making, risk management, innovative thinking and competitiveness as well as enhance legal compliance.

Increasing Teacher Performance through Strengthening School Principal's Visioner Leadership, Teamwork and Personality of High School Teachers

This study aims to find efforts to improve teacher performance through the development of variables that have a relationship with teacher performance, namely visionary leadership, teamwork and personality with the first step researching the strength of the relationship between research variables, the strength of the relationship between visionary leadership and teacher performance. between teamwork and teacher performance. The strength of the relationship between personality and teacher performance. The strength of the relationship of visionary leadership and teamwork together with teacher performance. The strength of the relationship of visionary leadership and personality together with teacher performance. The strength of the relationship of teamwork and personality together with teacher performance. The strength of the relationship of visionary leadership, teamwork and personality together with teacher performance. The population of this research is the teachers of ASN SMA Negeri in Tangerang City totaling 453 people from 12 SMA Negeri. The sampling technique used is a random sampling technique (proportional random sampling). Samples were taken using the Slovin formula with a sampling error rate of 5%. The results of the calculation of the number of samples are 213 people. The research method uses quantitative methods with quantitative analysis. The results of the study show that there is a positive and very significant relationship between the principal's visionary leadership and teacher performance, there is a positive and very significant relationship between teamwork and teacher performance, there is a positive and very significant relationship between personality and teacher performance.

High School EFL Teachers’ Perception of the Use of Pictures in Pre-Reading Stage

This descriptive study aims to investigate EFL teachers’ perceptions toward the use of pictures in pre-reading stage as well as the role and the possible difficulties of using picture in pre-reading stage that they may gain. The current study adopted both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect the data via questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with the participation of 30 teachers in different high schools in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam and six out of the teachers were invited to participate in the interviews. There are some main following findings. First, EFL teachers highly appreciated about the role of pictures in pre-reading stage. Second, the participants revealed there were some possible difficulties that prevent English teachers from using pictures in pre-reading stage.

Challenges, Coping Mechanisms, and Success Stories of Neophyte Principals: Impact on School Leadership and Management

This phenomenological research examined the challenges, coping mechanisms, and success stories experienced by neophyte principals. Key informants were 11 neophyte principals in the Schools Division of La Union and the City of San Fernando Schools Division during SY 2020-2021. Data gathered using a semi-structured interview guide were thematically analyzed. It was revealed that the respondents' most pressing challenges were lack of resources, and difficulties in transitioning to the new school. They addressed these situations by adopting effective leadership strategies involving a mix of professional and technical skills, conceptual skills, and interpersonal skills. They succeeded in strengthening collaboration among the school stakeholders, in achieving school development and improvement goals, and in improving students' academic achievement. It was concluded that the neophyte principals develop improved leadership skills and management practices which enabled them some impressive accomplishments in their respective schools, and gained the cooperation from the teachers, parents, and other stakeholders. Based on these findings, the researcher developed a conceptual model which can be used as a guide in attaining self-efficiency in leadership and management among the neophyte principals. In addition, the researcher also crafted a two-day supportive seminar on developing proactive collaboration between the school and other stakeholders of quality education.