Synthesis of Biodiesel by Different Carriers Supported KOH Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Mei Yang ◽  
Peng Mei Lv ◽  
Zhen Hong Yuan ◽  
Wen Luo ◽  
Hui Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
And Performance

Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to methyl eaters was found proceed in the presence of KOH loaded on five different oxides (CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Bentonite, kaolin) as heterogeneous catalysts. The structure and performance of these catalysts were studied using the techniques of XRD, CO2-TPD, and SEM. It was found that the 15wt% KOH/CaO catalyst provided best activity. In the presence of this catalyst, the yield of fatty acid methyl esters was 97.1%. The reaction conditions were as follows: methanol to soybean oil molar ratio was 16:1, temperature of 65 °C, reaction time of 1 h, and a catalyst amount of 4 wt%. The catalysts of KOH loaded on CaO showed a new crystalline phase of K2O. However, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has more basic sites than the catalyst of 15-KOH/MgO. Therefore, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has been associated with higher transesterification activity.

scholarly journals Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Shafaq Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Asma Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Methyl

The effective transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) requires the use of low-cost, less corrosive, environmentally friendly and effective catalysts. Currently, worldwide biodiesel production revolves around the use of alkaline and acidic catalysts employed in heterogeneous and homogeneous phases. Homogeneous catalysts (soluble catalysts) for FAME production have been widespread for a while, but solid catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) are a newer development for FAME production. The rate of reaction is much increased when homogeneous basic catalysts are used, but the main drawback is the cost of the process which arises due to the separation of catalysts from the reaction media after product formation. A promising field for catalytic biodiesel production is the use of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and polyoxometalate compounds. The flexibility of their structures and super acidic properties can be enhanced by incorporation of polyoxometalate anions into the complex proton acids. This pseudo liquid phase makes it possible for nearly all mobile protons to take part in the catalysis process. Carbonaceous materials which are obtained after sulfonation show promising catalytic activity towards the transesterification process. Another promising heterogeneous acid catalyst used for FAME production is vanadium phosphate. Furthermore, biocatalysts are receiving attention for large-scale FAME production in which lipase is the most common one used successfully This review critically describes the most important homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in the current FAME production, with future directions for their use.

Evaluation of Dominant Parameters in Lipase Transesterification of Cottonseed Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Anderson ◽  
Terry Walker ◽  
Bryan Moser ◽  
Caye Drapcho ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Induction Periods ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Eversa Transform was used as an enzymatic catalyst to transform glandless and crude (heavy pigment) cottonseed oils into biodiesel. The oils were reacted with methanol at a 6:1 molar ratio with modified amounts of water, lipase, and temperature. Reactions were conducted in the presence of lipase and water at doses of 2, 5, and 8 wt% and 1, 3, and 6 wt%, respectively. Product composition and conversion were determined using the gas chromatography method of ASTM D6584. Oxidative stability was determined following EN 15751. The conversion to fatty acid methyl esters averaged 98.5% across all samples. Temperature had the most significant effect on conversion (p < 0.0035). Lipase and water dosages did not affect conversion, while each had an effect with temperature that was significant across the difference between 3 and 1 wt% water content and between 8 and 5 wt% enzyme content between the two temperatures (p = 0.0018 and 0.0153), respectively. Induction periods (oxidative stability) of the glandless and crude cottonseed oils were significantly different, but there was no difference between the two oil conversions based on oil type. Keywords: Biodiesel, Cottonseed oil, Fatty acid methyl esters, Lipase, Oxidative stability, Transesterification.

Novel sequential batch membrane reactor to increase fatty acid methyl esters quality at low methanol to oil molar ratio

2012 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Reyes ◽  
G. Ciudad ◽  
M. Misra ◽  
A. Mohanty ◽  
D. Jeison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Acid Methyl

scholarly journals Biodiesel production from vegetable oil refinery waste using ohmic-assisted esterification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Alishahi ◽  
MEHRDAD NIAKOUSARI ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Golmakani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Conversion Yield ◽  
Refinery Waste ◽  
Acid Methyl

Abstract The ohmic-assisted esterification method was compared and contrasted with the conventional esterification method for biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) production from vegetable oil refinery waste containing high free fatty acids. The reaction variables were free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio (1:1, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15), catalyst concentration (1%, 2%, and 3%) and reaction time (5, 30, and 60 min). By increasing the conversion yield of free fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters, density increased while viscosity and refractive index decreased. Optimum reaction conditions were a molar ratio of 1:10 and a catalyst concentration of 3% after 60 min of esterification reaction, while having a 95.74% conversion yield. There was no significant difference between fatty acid methyl esters produced with ohmic-assisted esterification and conventional esterification methods in terms of fatty acid profile, physicochemical and heating properties. Meanwhile, energy consumption by the conventional esterification method was about 25% higher than that of ohmic-assisted esterification. In fact, ohmic-assisted esterification can be considered as a green, cost-effective alternative method for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oil refinery waste.

Catalytic hydrogenation of soybean oil-derived fatty acid methyl esters over Pd supported on Zr-SBA-15 with various Zr loading levels for enhanced oxidative stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 422-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chachchaya Thunyaratchatanon ◽  
Apanee Luengnaruemitchai ◽  
Nuwong Chollacoop ◽  
Shih-Yuan Chen ◽  
Yuji Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl

Oxyethylation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters. Molar Ratio and Temperature Effects. Pressure Drop Modeling

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (13) ◽  
pp. 2924-2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Alejski ◽  
Elzbieta Bialowas ◽  
Wieslaw Hreczuch ◽  
Bernd Trathnigg ◽  
Jan Szymanowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Acid Methyl

Treatment of acidic palm oil for fatty acid methyl esters production

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeeb Hayyan ◽  
Farouq Mjalli ◽  
Mohamed Mirghani ◽  
Mohd Hashim ◽  
Maan Hayyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Stage Process

AbstractAcidic crude palm oil (ACPO) produced from palm oil mills with an acid value of 18 mg g−1 was considered to be a possible feedstock for biodiesel production. Due to its high acidity, conventional transesterification cannot be applied directly for biodiesel production. Methane sulphonic acid (MSA, CH3SO3H) is used to reduce the acidity prior to the alkaline transesterification reaction. The laboratory-scale experiments involved an MSA to ACPO dosage of 0.25–3.5 %, a molar ratio (methanol to ACPO) from 4: 1 to 20: 1, reaction temperature of 40–80°C, reaction time of 3–150 min, and stirrer speed of 100–500 min−1. The optimum esterification reaction conditions were 1 % of catalyst to ACPO, with a molar ratio of methanol to ACPO of 8: 1, a stirring speed of 300 min−1, for 30 min and at 60°C. Under these conditions, the FFA content was reduced from 18 mg g−1 to less than 1 mg g−1 and with a yield of 96 %. The biodiesel produced met the EN14214 standard specifications. MSA was recycled for three times without losing its activity. The biodiesel produced in a two-stage process has a low acid value (0.14 mg g−1).

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