Intermolecular Forces and Mechanical Behavior of High Polymers

1942 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
High Polymers

Intermolecular Forces and Mechanical Behavior of High Polymers

1943 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-279
Author(s):  
H. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Chain Length Distribution ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Acid Nitrile ◽  
High Polymers

Abstract In order to connect the mechanical properties of high polymers with their fundamental architecture, several structural characteristics must be considered. There is, first, the average molecular weight or the average polymerization degree of the substance, which varies between 20,000 and 1,000,000 or between 100 and 5000, respectively. There is the chain-length distribution curve, which describes the heterogeneity of the material, and is comparatively narrow in some cases and fairly wide in others. There is the chemical nature of the monomer, which can be a hydrocarbon, an alcohol, ester, ether, amine, acid, nitrile, etc., so that the polymer can have very different chemical characteristics. There are, finally, the intermolecular forces between the chain molecules, which are a consequence of the chemical nature of the monomer, and which, together with the flexibility of the chains, have a preponderant influence on mechanical performance.

Electron Microscope Investigation of States of Distribution in Elastomer Blends

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1238-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kiyek ◽  
Th G. P. Schoon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Technical Interest ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Fixed Structure ◽  
Elastic Deformability ◽  
High Polymers

Abstract High polymers that possess high elastic deformability are referred to as elastomers. They have a glass transition between —40° and —70° C. Uberreiter1 has appropriately described their aggregate state as “liquid with fixed structure”, since within the temperature range of elastic deformability individual chain segments of a macromolecule do describe, to be sure, a disordered temperature motion, corresponding to that found in liquids. Yet the macromolecule as a whole is not mobile, because of strong intermolecular forces. When elastomer blends are prepared by mixing the components on a mill or in an internal mixer, technical interest is mainly limited to technological properties, such as softening point, shear modulus, abrasion, etc. But it also seems important to obtain information about the distribution of the components in the blends, in order to evaluate more accurately the basic miscibility of elastomers in general, as well as the intrinsic strength of such multi-phase systems. A solution to the problem may best be obtained by electron microscope investigations since they permit observation of very minute structures representing constant and characteristic values for a given polymer, and can thus serve as a means of identifying a given polymer, even in mixtures. Schoon and Kretschmer have already found that a relation exists between microstructure (observed with an electron microscope) and molecular weight of high polymers.

Mechanical Behavior of High Polymers

Nature ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 163 (4139) ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
L. R. G. TRELOAR
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
High Polymers

Application of TEM to Deformation, Wear, and Fracture of Ceramics

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
B. J. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Further Development

Ceramics, such as Al2O3 and SiC have numerous current and potential uses in applications where high temperature strength, hardness, and wear resistance are required often in corrosive environments. These materials are, however, highly anisotropic and brittle, so that their mechanical behavior is often unpredictable. The further development of these materials will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling deformation, wear, and fracture.The purpose of this talk is to describe applications of TEM to the study of the deformation, wear, and fracture of Al2O3. Similar studies are currently being conducted on SiC and the techniques involved should be applicable to a wide range of hard, brittle materials.

Phase behavior of cationic and anionic surfactants at low concentrations

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
E. Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cationic And Anionic Surfactants ◽  
General Method

Equilibrium vesicles, those which are the stable form of aggregation and form spontaneously on mixing surfactant with water, have never been demonstrated in single component bilayers and only rarely in lipid or surfactant mixtures. Designing a simple and general method for producing spontaneous and stable vesicles depends on a better understanding of the thermodynamics of aggregation, the interplay of intermolecular forces in surfactants, and an efficient way of doing structural characterization in dynamic systems.

Mechanical Behavior of Materials

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Hosford
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior
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