Mechanism of carbon dioxide formation in 3130-Ang irradiated mixtures of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (16) ◽  
pp. 5523-5532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred B. Wampler ◽  
Abraham Horowitz ◽  
Jack G. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide

scholarly journals A Review of Specifications for Methods of Measuring Emissions of Air Pollutants and Effluent of Water Pollutants

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Dibelius
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Federal Register ◽  
Water Pollutants ◽  
Made In

The measurement of air pollutants emitted to the atmosphere in exhaust gases from stationary gas turbines must be made in accordance with applicable government specifications in those cases where the measurements are being made to determine compliance with regulations. This paper reviews the methods for measuring opacity, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrocarbons, and particulates. In addition, the paper references the Federal Register (volume, number, and page) in which the official specification appears. Other methods, including ASME, SAE, and ASTM, are listed where applicable.

A Cost Effective Advanced Emissions Monitoring Solution for Gas Turbines: Statistical Hybrid Predictive System That Accurately Measures Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Hydrocarbon and Carbon Dioxide Mass Emission Rates

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Specification

U.S. Federal regulations under Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments promulgated in 1990 require continuous monitoring of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide emissions from large gas turbines. Local, regional, or State authorities may mandate continuous monitoring for carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and other specific pollutant parameters. U.S. regulations that require continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) also allow for the use of predictive approaches as an alternative providing the installed predictive emissions monitoring system (PEMS) meets rigorous performance specification criteria and the site performs ongoing quality assurance tasks such as periodic audits with portable analyzers and annual accuracy testing. A statistical hybrid predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS) has been deployed at numerous sites in the United States to meet EPA requirements for continuous monitoring of gas turbine pollutant emissions. This paper discusses specific implementations of a unique cost-effective statistical hybrid PEMS on various classes of gas turbines ranging in size from 60kW to 180 MW, both gas-fired and liquid-fired units, in simple cycle and combined cycle mode of operation. The turbines were equipped with a variety of NOx control strategies including dry low NOx, steam and water injection, solid post-combustion catalyst, SoLoNOx™, and selective catalytic reduction. In each instance the predictive engine operated on training data of at least three days and up to ninety days as required to develop a robust empirical model of the emissions. Each model was subsequently evaluated using standard U.S. EPA performance specification test methods. The results of PEMS performance testing on these gas turbines are presented along with additional information regarding the quality assurance and quality control procedures put in place and the costs to support the ongoing operation of the deployed compliance statistical hybrid PEMS.

Conductimetric Gas Separation-Flow Injection Determination of Ammonia in Gaseous Process Streams

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Kubáň
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Separation Flow ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Capillary Membrane

Ammonia (up to 0.3 vol.%) can be determined (RSDs < 2%) after separation from a process gas stream containing (vol.%): carbon dioxide (0.3-20), hydrogen sulfide (< 0.4), hydrogen cyanide (< 1.5 . 10-4), sulfur dioxide (1), carbon monoxide (< 3) in 50-90 vol.% nitrogen and hydrocarbons. The ammonia content in sample is determined through changes in the conductivity of an acceptor stream (3 mM boric acid) caused by absorption of the analyte passed through a Nafion capillary membrane.

Detection of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide with pulsed tunable PbS1-xSex-diode lasers

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Sumpf ◽  
Dimitrii Göring ◽  
Rainer Haseloff ◽  
Karin Herrmann ◽  
Jens Wolfgang Tomm
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Diode Lasers ◽  
Gas Detection ◽  
Laser Spectrometer ◽  
Diode Laser Spectrometer ◽  
Diode Laser Spectroscopy ◽  
Ppm Level

The purpose of this paper is to report our results on the detection and spectroscopic parameters of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide using high resolution linear diode laser spectroscopy with pulsed tunable PbS1-xSex homolasers. The parameters of pulsed diode lasers used in spectroscopy for various gases are discussed. The application of the diode laser spectrometer for CO gas detection at ppm level illustrates the sensitivity of the equipment.

Infrared Spectrophotometric Analysis of Medicinal Gases for Trace Impurities

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1404-1408
Author(s):  
Wilson L Brannon ◽  
Walter R Benson ◽  
George Schwartzman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Trace Impurities ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometer ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract The feasibility of examining medicinal gases for trace impurities, using an infrared spectrophotometer in conjunction with a 10 m gas cell, was investigated. Many of the impurities for which the USP includes limits were detected and measured at concentrations at or below those permitted by the USP; these include sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water. However, others (hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, and nitrogen dioxide) were not detected at these levels by this technique. Methane was found at low levels in some samples.

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