scholarly journals A Review of Specifications for Methods of Measuring Emissions of Air Pollutants and Effluent of Water Pollutants

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Dibelius
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Federal Register ◽  
Water Pollutants ◽  
Made In

The measurement of air pollutants emitted to the atmosphere in exhaust gases from stationary gas turbines must be made in accordance with applicable government specifications in those cases where the measurements are being made to determine compliance with regulations. This paper reviews the methods for measuring opacity, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrocarbons, and particulates. In addition, the paper references the Federal Register (volume, number, and page) in which the official specification appears. Other methods, including ASME, SAE, and ASTM, are listed where applicable.

scholarly journals Status of Air Pollution Regulations Affecting Gas Turbines in 80 Nations

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Ketterer ◽  
N. R. Dibelius
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Ground Level Concentration ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
Air Pollution Emissions

This paper summarizes regulations from 80 countries covering air pollution emissions from gas turbines. The paper includes emission and ground level concentration standards for particulates, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, visible emissions, and carbon monoxide.

A Cost Effective Advanced Emissions Monitoring Solution for Gas Turbines: Statistical Hybrid Predictive System That Accurately Measures Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Hydrocarbon and Carbon Dioxide Mass Emission Rates

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Specification

U.S. Federal regulations under Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments promulgated in 1990 require continuous monitoring of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide emissions from large gas turbines. Local, regional, or State authorities may mandate continuous monitoring for carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and other specific pollutant parameters. U.S. regulations that require continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) also allow for the use of predictive approaches as an alternative providing the installed predictive emissions monitoring system (PEMS) meets rigorous performance specification criteria and the site performs ongoing quality assurance tasks such as periodic audits with portable analyzers and annual accuracy testing. A statistical hybrid predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS) has been deployed at numerous sites in the United States to meet EPA requirements for continuous monitoring of gas turbine pollutant emissions. This paper discusses specific implementations of a unique cost-effective statistical hybrid PEMS on various classes of gas turbines ranging in size from 60kW to 180 MW, both gas-fired and liquid-fired units, in simple cycle and combined cycle mode of operation. The turbines were equipped with a variety of NOx control strategies including dry low NOx, steam and water injection, solid post-combustion catalyst, SoLoNOx™, and selective catalytic reduction. In each instance the predictive engine operated on training data of at least three days and up to ninety days as required to develop a robust empirical model of the emissions. Each model was subsequently evaluated using standard U.S. EPA performance specification test methods. The results of PEMS performance testing on these gas turbines are presented along with additional information regarding the quality assurance and quality control procedures put in place and the costs to support the ongoing operation of the deployed compliance statistical hybrid PEMS.

S. I. Engine Pollution Control Using Low-Cost Palletized Catalytic Converter

Volume 2 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Jakkaraju ◽  
Vasudha Patri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

I. C. Engines consume large amounts of fossil fuel emitting harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (UBHC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). By using a catalytic converter (CC), the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon emissions can be transformed into less harmful carbon dioxide (CO2) & water vapor (H2O). Currently available CC’s are using costly noble metals like platinum (pt), palladium (pd), rhodium (rh) etc., hence making them expensive. This paper deals with the use of low-cost palletized silver coated alumina as the catalyst element in a CC. In this study, alumina and silver were used in the ratio of 10:1. All tests have been conducted on a stationary S.I. Engine at a constant speed of 1500 r.p.m with and without CC. Also, the performance of the palletized CC in combination with promoters like Bismuth, Cerium and Lanthanum was tested which have shown better results than silver alone as the coating element. It has been experimentally determined that the CO emissions have dropped from 7.25 (% vol) to 3.03(% vol) and the HC values have reduced from 350 ppm to 190 ppm.

The Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Certain Respiratory Inhibitors on the Respiration of Larvae of the Horse Bot Fly (Gastrophilus Intestinalis De Geer)

1951 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-202
Author(s):  
L. LEVENBOOK
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Sodium Malonate ◽  
Respiratory Inhibitors ◽  
Bot Fly ◽  
Insect Respiration ◽  
Made In

1. The respiration of the Gastrophilus larva has been investigated using three different manometric methods by which measurements may be made in the presence of carbon dioxide. 2. A new manometric apparatus of simple construction, designed for measurement of insect respiration in the presence or absence of CO2, is described. 3. In the absence of CO2 the respiration of Gastrophilus larvae progressively decreases and they eventually die. A manifestation of the CO2 deficiency is an impaired cell permeability, resulting in leakage of haemoglobin from the tracheal cells into the blood. 4. The respiration of Gastrophilus pupae and Calliphora larvae was not affected by the absence of CO2. 5. Both cyanide and carbon monoxide, but not sodium malonate, inhibited the respiration of Gastrophilus larvae during diapause. 6. The importance of allowing sufficient time for equilibration and settling down in the measurement of insect respiration is demonstrated.

Mechanism of carbon dioxide formation in 3130-Ang irradiated mixtures of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (16) ◽  
pp. 5523-5532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred B. Wampler ◽  
Abraham Horowitz ◽  
Jack G. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide

scholarly journals PHOTOCATALYTIC MORTAR WITH TIO2 FOR THE REDUCTION OF AIR POLLUTANTS PRODUCED BY VEHICULAR EMISSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Jhon Aquise ◽  
◽  
Katherine Lissette Chirinos Peralta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Photocatalytic Process

Photocatalytic mortar with TiO2 leads to a reduction in air pollution due to vehicle emissions. For this purpose, the experimental method was used, which consisted of the preparation of mortars with the same proportion of 1: 4, a strength of 145 kg / cm2 and with different percentages of titanium dioxide (0% and 10%), which were evaluated under the same conditions through the following tests: Quantity of polluting gases, compressive strength and photocatalytic capacity. The results obtained—reduction of carbon dioxide by 97.9%, hydrogen sulfide by 72.9%, sulfur dioxide by 67.2%, nitrogen monoxide by 63.4%, carbon monoxide by 40.5% and oxygen recovery by 7.7%—confirmed the performance of the photocatalytic process through titanium dioxide (TiO2) in terms of an improvement in air quality, and the reduction of colorants, rhodamine by 89.10% and methylene blue 53.06% confirmed its self-cleaning capacity, thus improving the reduction of air pollution.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Ozone and other Air Pollutants in Al-Hilla City

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Ala'a Hamed Emran Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Relationship

Air pollution must take more attention because its effects on human health. One of the most important air pollutants is ground-level ozone O3, which plays an important role in air quality and climate change on the earth. Ozone affected by the other air pollutants, so this paper attempt to study the relationship between hourly, daily and monthly ground-level ozone concentration and hourly, daily and monthly air pollutant concentrations and its effect on ground-level ozone concentration. The other air pollutants are: sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides NOx, nitrogen monoxide NO, nitrogen dioxide NO2 and carbon dioxide CO2. The monitoring station is in Babylon University in the south of Al-Hilla city, Iraq for the period 2015-2016. By using statistical analysis, correlation coefficient and some statistics for all air pollutants are computed. Results are: the maximum average ozone concentration is in the summer months June, July and August 39.30 ppb, 45.05 ppb and 36.63 ppb respectively and along the day the peak average ozone concentration is in the afternoon because of high temperature and high solar radiation intensity which is increasing the photochemical activity of ozone. There is no significant correlation between ozone and sulfur dioxide SO2, carbon dioxide CO2 (ρ > 0.05). High significant correlation is appeared between ozone and nitrogen oxides forms (ρ < 0.01). To express the complex relation between ozone and nitrogen oxide forms, proportions such as NO/NO2 and (NOx-NO)/NO is determined which explain the ozone photochemical activity. Ozone concentration decreases with increasing of NO/NO2 and increases with (NOx-NO)/NOx increasing.

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