Cyanide Carbon Isotope Fractionation in the Reaction of Cyanide Ion and Methyl Iodide. Carbon Isotope Effect in the Hydrolysis of Methyl Iodide

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Lynn ◽  
Peter E. Yankwich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Cyanide Ion ◽  
Carbon Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Carbon Isotope Effect ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Evidence of Substantial Carbon Isotope Fractionation among Substrate, Inorganic Carbon, and Biomass during Aerobic Mineralization of 1,2-Dichloroethane byXanthobacter autotrophicus

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 4870-4876 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hunkeler ◽  
R. Aravena
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Kinetic Isotope Effect ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Fractionation Factor ◽  
Carbon Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Kinetic Isotope ◽  
Factor Α

ABSTRACT Carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic mineralization of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) by Xanthobacter autotrophicusGJ10 was investigated. A strong enrichment of 13C in residual 1,2-DCA was observed, with a mean fractionation factor α ± standard deviation of 0.968 ± 0.0013 to 0.973 ± 0.0015. In addition, a large carbon isotope fractionation between biomass and inorganic carbon occurred. A mechanistic model that links the fractionation factor α to the rate constants of the first catabolic enzyme was developed. Based on the model, it was concluded that the strong enrichment of 13C in 1,2-DCA arises because the first irreversible step of the initial enzymatic transformation of 1,2-DCA consists of an SN2 nucleophilic substitution. SN2 reactions are accompanied by a large kinetic isotope effect. The substantial carbon isotope fractionation between biomass and inorganic carbon could be explained by the kinetic isotope effect associated with the initial 1,2-DCA transformation and by the metabolic pathway of 1,2-DCA degradation. Carbon isotope fractionation during 1,2-DCA mineralization leads to 1,2-DCA, inorganic carbon, and biomass with characteristic carbon isotope compositions, which may be used to trace the process in contaminated environments.

Deuterium Isotope Effect on Carbon Isotope Fractionation in Photosynthesis

Science ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 155 (3760) ◽  
pp. 324-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Uphaus ◽  
J. J. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Deuterium Isotope Effect ◽  
Carbon Isotope Fractionation

Temperature Dependence of the Carbon Isotope Effect in the Acid Hydrolysis of Urea

1958 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1835-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Yankwich ◽  
Audrey E. Veazie
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Carbon Isotope Effect ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Urea

Carbon isotope fractionation during calcium carbonate precipitation induced by urease‐catalysed hydrolysis of urea

2012 ◽  
Vol 330-331 ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Millo ◽  
M. Ader ◽  
S. Dupraz ◽  
F. Guyot ◽  
C. Thaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Carbon Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Urea

The Carbon Isotope Effect in the Acid Hydrolysis of Urea

1953 ◽  
Vol 75 (14) ◽  
pp. 3564-3566 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Schmitt ◽  
Farrington Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Carbon Isotope Effect ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Urea

scholarly journals Carbon Isotope Fractionation during the Formation of CO2 Hydrate and Equilibrium Pressures of 12CO2 and 13CO2 Hydrates

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4215
Author(s):  
Hiromi Kimura ◽  
Go Fuseya ◽  
Satoshi Takeya ◽  
Akihiro Hachikubo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Unit Cell Size ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Difference

Knowledge of carbon isotope fractionation is needed in order to discuss the formation and dissociation of naturally occurring CO2 hydrates. We investigated carbon isotope fractionation during CO2 hydrate formation and measured the three-phase equilibria of 12CO2–H2O and 13CO2–H2O systems. From a crystal structure viewpoint, the difference in the Raman spectra of hydrate-bound 12CO2 and 13CO2 was revealed, although their unit cell size was similar. The δ13C of hydrate-bound CO2 was lower than that of the residual CO2 (1.0–1.5‰) in a formation temperature ranging between 226 K and 278 K. The results show that the small difference between equilibrium pressures of ~0.01 MPa in 12CO2 and 13CO2 hydrates causes carbon isotope fractionation of ~1‰. However, the difference between equilibrium pressures in the 12CO2–H2O and 13CO2–H2O systems was smaller than the standard uncertainties of measurement; more accurate pressure measurement is required for quantitative discussion.

Large-scale carbon isotope fractionation in evaporites and the generation of extremely 13C-enriched methane

Geology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Potter ◽  
Michael G. Siemann ◽  
Mikhail Tsypukov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Carbon Isotope Fractionation

Carbon isotope fractionation in phytoplankton as a potential proxy for pH rather than for [CO2 (aq)]: Observations from a carbonate lake

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilu Wang ◽  
Kevin M. Yeager ◽  
Weiqi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Carbon Isotope Fractionation
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