Partial molal volumes of organic compounds in carbon tetrachloride. 3. Aromatic hydrocarbons: steric effects

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoon Shahidi ◽  
Patrick G. Farrell ◽  
John T. Edward ◽  
Persephone Canonne
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Steric Effects ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Molal Volumes

Partial molal volumes of organic compounds in carbon tetrachloride. V. Cyclic alkanes, ethers, alcohols, ketones, and bromides

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (22) ◽  
pp. 2892-2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Edward ◽  
Patrick G. Farrell ◽  
Fereidoon Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Cyclic Alkanes ◽  
Polyfunctional Compounds ◽  
Molal Volumes

The partial molal volumes [Formula: see text] or 47 mono- or polycyclic alkanes, ethers, alcohols, ketones, and bromides have been determined in carbon tetrachloride at 25 °C. [Formula: see text] of most of these compounds can be calculated with moderate (±1–2%) accuracy using an equation containing parameters previously developed for acyclic compounds, and an additional cyclization parameter C, which is roughly linear with the number n of atoms in the ring, from n = 3 (C = +5.3 mL mol−1) to n = 10 (C = −21.0 mL mol−1). Substituted cyclohexanols and some polyfunctional compounds had [Formula: see text] considerably lower than calculated.

Partial molal volumes of organic compounds in carbon tetrachloride. IV. Ketones, alcohols, and ethers

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (19) ◽  
pp. 2585-2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Edward ◽  
Patrick G. Farrell ◽  
Fereidoon Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Molal Volumes

The partial molal volumes [Formula: see text] in carbon tetrachloride at 25 °C of 13 ketones, 18 alcohols, and 17 mono- or poly-functional ethers, all acyclic, have been determined. Results are in reasonable agreement with [Formula: see text] calculated from an equation developed previously, using previous parameters plus the following: increments (in mL mol−1) of 8.72 for carbonyl, 6.1 for hydroxyl, 4.4 for oxygen in a monofunctional ether, and 5.8 for oxygen in a polyfunctional ether; decrements δ (in mL mol−1) of −1.68 for [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], and −1.93 for [Formula: see text]. The increments for carbonyl and hydroxyl are smaller than the van der Waals volumes of these groups, and indicate some degree of complexation to carbon tetrachloride. Only a roughly linear relation is found between [Formula: see text] of alcohols in water and [Formula: see text] in carbon tetrachloride, possibly because of the intrusion of additional effects such as structure-promotion in water.

Effect of solvent (benzene, ethanol, cyclohexane) on the partial molal volumes of organic compounds

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (22) ◽  
pp. 2887-2891 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Edward ◽  
Patrick G. Farrell ◽  
Fereidoon Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Satisfactory Accuracy ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Molal Volumes

The partial molal volumes of n-alkanes and n-alkanols dissolved in benzene, ethanol, or cyclohexane are given with satisfactory accuracy by the equation previously developed for solutions in carbon tetrachloride, if certain parameters (the covolume, the volume increment for the hydroxyl group, and the volume decrement for some gauche interactions) are changed. Additionally, it is necessary to postulate a greater coiling of the alkyl chains when dissolved in cyclohexane.

Partial molal volumes of organic compounds in carbon tetrachloride. 2. Haloalkanes

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoon. Shahidi ◽  
Patrick G. Farrell ◽  
John T. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Molal Volumes

Partial molal volumes of some halobenzenes in carbon tetrachloride

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1414-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoon Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Alkyl Halides ◽  
Substituted Benzenes ◽  
Halogen Atoms ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Molal Volumes

The partial molal volumes at infinite dilution [Formula: see text] for a number of halobenzenes are measured and related to their van der Waals volumes. Results indicate larger volume increments for halogen atoms in halobenzenes than those in alkyl halides. Possible explanations are forwarded. The effect of steric overcrowding in ortho-substituted benzenes on the [Formula: see text] values are evaluated.

Deuterium isotope effects on the partial molal volumes of cyclohexane, acetone, and acetonitrile in carbon tetrachloride

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2684-2687 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ronald Brown ◽  
Julian K. Edward ◽  
John T. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Steric Effect ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Deuterium Isotope Effects ◽  
Molal Volumes

At 25 °C both molar volumes V and partial molal volumes [Formula: see text] in carbon tetrachloride of cyclohexane-d12 and of acetone-d6 are smaller than V and [Formula: see text] of the corresponding protio compounds. However, both V and [Formula: see text] of acetonitrile-d3 are larger than V and [Formula: see text] of acetonitrile-h3, and in solvent cyclohexane [Formula: see text] of acetone-d6 and of acetone-h6 are approximately equal. Apparently deuteration has not only a steric effect, but (in polar compounds) a counter-balancing effect, which may be polar.

A note on the application of graph theory to the thermodynamic properties of isomeric alkanes

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (18) ◽  
pp. 1897-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Molal Volumes

It has been claimed that trends in the thermodynamic properties of alkane isomers follow an ordering based on p2 and p3, the number of paths of length two or three, respectively (M. Randic and C. L. Wilkins. J. Phys. Chem. 83, 1525 (1979)). A possible explanation of the approximate ordering of the partial molal volumes [Formula: see text] of isomers in carbon tetrachloride at 25 °C comes from the ordering, based on p2 and p3, of (a) the number N of methyl groups, and (b) the mole fraction Zg of gauche arrangements in the different isomers. However, N and Zg have opposite effects on [Formula: see text], and specific cases of isomeric heptanes and nonanes are noted in which a reversal in trends in [Formula: see text] may be expected.

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