Effect of solvent (benzene, ethanol, cyclohexane) on the partial molal volumes of organic compounds

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (22) ◽  
pp. 2887-2891 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Edward ◽  
Patrick G. Farrell ◽  
Fereidoon Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Satisfactory Accuracy ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Molal Volumes

The partial molal volumes of n-alkanes and n-alkanols dissolved in benzene, ethanol, or cyclohexane are given with satisfactory accuracy by the equation previously developed for solutions in carbon tetrachloride, if certain parameters (the covolume, the volume increment for the hydroxyl group, and the volume decrement for some gauche interactions) are changed. Additionally, it is necessary to postulate a greater coiling of the alkyl chains when dissolved in cyclohexane.

Partial molal volumes of organic compounds in carbon tetrachloride. V. Cyclic alkanes, ethers, alcohols, ketones, and bromides

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (22) ◽  
pp. 2892-2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Edward ◽  
Patrick G. Farrell ◽  
Fereidoon Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Cyclic Alkanes ◽  
Polyfunctional Compounds ◽  
Molal Volumes

The partial molal volumes [Formula: see text] or 47 mono- or polycyclic alkanes, ethers, alcohols, ketones, and bromides have been determined in carbon tetrachloride at 25 °C. [Formula: see text] of most of these compounds can be calculated with moderate (±1–2%) accuracy using an equation containing parameters previously developed for acyclic compounds, and an additional cyclization parameter C, which is roughly linear with the number n of atoms in the ring, from n = 3 (C = +5.3 mL mol−1) to n = 10 (C = −21.0 mL mol−1). Substituted cyclohexanols and some polyfunctional compounds had [Formula: see text] considerably lower than calculated.

Partial molal volumes of organic compounds in carbon tetrachloride. 3. Aromatic hydrocarbons: steric effects

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoon Shahidi ◽  
Patrick G. Farrell ◽  
John T. Edward ◽  
Persephone Canonne
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Steric Effects ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Molal Volumes

Partial molal volumes of organic compounds in carbon tetrachloride. IV. Ketones, alcohols, and ethers

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (19) ◽  
pp. 2585-2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Edward ◽  
Patrick G. Farrell ◽  
Fereidoon Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Molal Volumes

The partial molal volumes [Formula: see text] in carbon tetrachloride at 25 °C of 13 ketones, 18 alcohols, and 17 mono- or poly-functional ethers, all acyclic, have been determined. Results are in reasonable agreement with [Formula: see text] calculated from an equation developed previously, using previous parameters plus the following: increments (in mL mol−1) of 8.72 for carbonyl, 6.1 for hydroxyl, 4.4 for oxygen in a monofunctional ether, and 5.8 for oxygen in a polyfunctional ether; decrements δ (in mL mol−1) of −1.68 for [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], and −1.93 for [Formula: see text]. The increments for carbonyl and hydroxyl are smaller than the van der Waals volumes of these groups, and indicate some degree of complexation to carbon tetrachloride. Only a roughly linear relation is found between [Formula: see text] of alcohols in water and [Formula: see text] in carbon tetrachloride, possibly because of the intrusion of additional effects such as structure-promotion in water.

Partial molal volumes of organic compounds in carbon tetrachloride. 2. Haloalkanes

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoon. Shahidi ◽  
Patrick G. Farrell ◽  
John T. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Molal Volumes

The temperature dependence of the Raman spectrum and gauche interactions of tri-N-butylamine: a conformational study

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Amorim da Costa ◽  
L. A. E. Batista de Carvalho ◽  
J. J. C. Teixeira-Dias ◽  
Ester F. G. Barbosa ◽  
Isabel M. S. Lampreia
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Molal Volumes ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Gauche Bonds

Raman spectra of tri-n-butylamine show pairs of bands whose temperature-dependent intensities clearly suggest their assignment to different conformers in simultaneous equilibria. These spectroscopic data are interpreted and correlated with structural information obtained from statistical analysis of gauche skeletal arrangements in tri-n-butylamine. The average numbers of gauche interactions in various tri-n-alkylamines are used to evaluate partial molal volumes which show excellent agreement with experimental data, thus imparting statistical meaning and usefulness to the concept of "average conformation".As the temperature decreases, the band at 904 cm−1 in pure liquid tri-n-butylamine increases in intensity at the expense of the band at 880 cm−1. Both of these bands are ascribed to CH2 and CH3 rocking vibrations. In solution, the conformer represented by the band at 904 cm−1 is favoured by polar solvents, whereas the conformer represented by the 860 cm−1 band is favoured by non-polar solvents.The relative intensity changes with increasing temperature of the bands at 1456 and 1440 cm−1 is explained by an increase in the number of CH2 groups adjoining two gauche bonds and a decrease in the number of CH2 groups adjoining a trans and gauche bond.Temperature dependence of the relative intensities of bands in the CH stretching region suggest, by comparison with mono- and di-n-butylamine, that the increase in the number of alkyl chains around the nitrogen atom makes molecular packing less restrictive and unique, giving rise to mesophases, as the overall shapes of the molecules become more spherical.

Partial molal volumes of some halobenzenes in carbon tetrachloride

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1414-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoon Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Alkyl Halides ◽  
Substituted Benzenes ◽  
Halogen Atoms ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Molal Volumes

The partial molal volumes at infinite dilution [Formula: see text] for a number of halobenzenes are measured and related to their van der Waals volumes. Results indicate larger volume increments for halogen atoms in halobenzenes than those in alkyl halides. Possible explanations are forwarded. The effect of steric overcrowding in ortho-substituted benzenes on the [Formula: see text] values are evaluated.

Deuterium isotope effects on the partial molal volumes of cyclohexane, acetone, and acetonitrile in carbon tetrachloride

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2684-2687 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ronald Brown ◽  
Julian K. Edward ◽  
John T. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Steric Effect ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Partial Molal Volumes ◽  
Deuterium Isotope Effects ◽  
Molal Volumes

At 25 °C both molar volumes V and partial molal volumes [Formula: see text] in carbon tetrachloride of cyclohexane-d12 and of acetone-d6 are smaller than V and [Formula: see text] of the corresponding protio compounds. However, both V and [Formula: see text] of acetonitrile-d3 are larger than V and [Formula: see text] of acetonitrile-h3, and in solvent cyclohexane [Formula: see text] of acetone-d6 and of acetone-h6 are approximately equal. Apparently deuteration has not only a steric effect, but (in polar compounds) a counter-balancing effect, which may be polar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document