scholarly journals Trichoderma polysporum as possible weak pathogen of tulip bulbs and roots

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 305-307
Author(s):  
A. Piwoni
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Tulip Bulbs

In the spring 2000, on tulip plantations in south-eastern Poland, spots of died-off plants were observed. The inhibited growth, wilting of leaves and yellowish necrosis on roots and scales surface occurred especially in low-lying areas. Mycological analysis indicated the presence of Trichoderma polysporum (Link ex Pers.) Rifai on the bulbs and roots of all tested plant samples. Pathogenicity test of 7 T. polysporum isolates was carried out on forced tulips cv. Merry Christmas in flower pots. After flowering, brownish necrosis (covering 5–30% of the surface) on the bulbs and roots were observed, as well as white-yellowish mycelium heaps of T. polysporum. Typical Trichoderma symptoms on above-ground plant parts like light-gray leaves tips were not observed.

Effect of species, plant part, and season of harvest on n-alkane concentrations in the cuticular wax of common rangeland grasses from southern Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Smith ◽  
R. W. Mayes ◽  
J. G. Raats
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Whole Plant

The use of plant alkane concentrations to measure diet composition of herbivores has been shown to be a reliable technique in animals grazing temperate, sown pastures that contain a relatively small number of plant species. There is potential to develop this technique for use with free-range animals foraging upon species-rich rangeland. In order for the technique to be effective, the alkane concentration patterns (ACP) of the component species of the diet must be distinct from one another. Common species of grasses from southern Africa were analysed for their alkane concentrations in order to evaluate the use of the alkane technique for measuring diet composition under complex rangeland conditions. The alkane profiles were determined in different plant parts from 40 grass species gathered during the wet season and 23 gathered during the dry season. Statistical analysis, using ANOVA, showed that there were highly significant differences (P < 0.001) in the C 25, C 27 , C 29 C 31 , C 33 , and C 35 alkane concentrations between flower head and stem during both the dry and wet seasons. Similar statistical differences were apparent in the C 25 , C 27 , C 29 , and C 31 alkane concentrations of leaf and stem during both seasons; differences in C 33 and C 35 concentrations were significant but at a lower level (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Differences in C 25 , C 27 , and C 29 alkane concentrations between flower head and leaf were only significant (P < 0.001) during the wet season. Statistical differences (P < 0.001) between whole plant samples obtained in different seasons were due to changes in the proportion of flower head, leaf, and stem. Cluster analysis often showed less similarity between plant parts of the same species than between whole plant samples of different species. It was concluded that ACPs measured in the selected species were probably too similar and thus, plants could not be identified using the alkane technique. However, it was possible to use the alkane technique to determine the proportions of flower-head, leaf, and stem in the diet.

scholarly journals Heavy metal contents in Veronica species and soil from mountain areas in Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Zivkovic ◽  
Slavica Razic ◽  
Jelena Arsenijevic ◽  
Zoran Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Uptake Pattern ◽  
Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Species Specific

This paper describes the relationships between concentrations of selected trace elements in soil and their bioaccumulation in aerial parts of three Veronica species (Plantaginaceae). Plant and soil samples were collected from three mountainous areas in Serbia, prepared by microwave acid-assisted digestion and analyzed by flame and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Total concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cr in the soil varied from 12.38 to 47.77, 62.78 to 138.00, 517.58 to 1675.78, 13574.22 to 35920.00 and 36.18 to 115.15 mg/kg, while those in the plants ranged from 6.04 to 12.8, 27.66 to 58.01, 25.38 to 89.25, 35.53 to 563.26 and 0.44 to 18.96 mg/kg, respectively. There were no significant differences in heavy metal concentrations between tested Veronica species from the same location, indicating that their heavy metal uptake pattern was not species specific. In the case of Mn, despite its wide variation in soil, concentrations in plant samples were uniform, which suggests potential ability of tested species to control Mn uptake or translocation to upper plant parts. Additionally, the lowest concentrations of Cu were obtained in plant samples collected from soil with the highest Fe concentrations, pointing out that Cu availability to plants might be reduced due to high Fe content in soil solution.

scholarly journals Interrelationships among selected essential elements in medicinal plant raw materials and their water-extractable forms

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Paweł Konieczyński ◽  
Marek Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Water Extractable

Summary In the study, the relationships were investigated among N, P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu, in medicinal plant raw materials (herbal bags) and their water-soluble chemical forms in infuses. 42 independent samples of plant materials were chosen, represented by different morphological plant parts as herbs, leaves, flowers and fruits. The elements were determined by UV/Vis spectrometry (non-metals), and FAAS (metallic elements) after previous mineralization of plant samples (total concentrations), and directly in herbal teas (water-extractable forms). Most frequently the correlations between non-metals and Zn and Mn occurred, both between their total contents the water-extractable forms. Statistically significant correlations were also found in pairs: Zn-Mn, Fe-Zn, Mn-Fe, and Cu-Zn. Application of multivariate analysis revealed that cluster analysis grouped the studied samples into clusters with similar levels of the analyzed elements, and principal component analysis allowed the identification of water-extractable Zn, P-PO4 and water-extractable Cu as the most crucial factors determining the differentiation of the studied plant samples.

scholarly journals Phyllactinia mali and Podosphaera tridactyla var. tridactyla – new hosts of Ampelomyces quisqualis

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Erysiphe Cichoracearum ◽  
Ampelomyces Quisqualis ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
New Hosts

In 2002, the occurrence of fungi of the order Erysiphales on plants of the Słowiański Park located in Goorzów Wielkopolski was investigated. Plant samples were collected once a month, from August to November. The samples examined were above ground plant parts colonized by powdery mildew fungi. A total of 78 samples were collected. Apart from 14 species of the order Erysiphales, <i>Ampelomyces quisqualis</i> parasitizing on <i>Erysiphe cichoracearum</i> var. <i>cichoracearum, Phyllactinia mali</i> and <i>Podosphaera tridactyl</i> var. <i>tridactyla</i> was found. <i>Ampelomyces quisqualis</i> affected hyphae, oidia, and young cleistothecia of <i>P. mali</i>. In contrast, in <i>E. cichoracearum</i> var. <i>cichoracearum, Po. tridactyle</i> var. <i>tridactyla</i>, this hyperparasite colonized only hyphae and oidia. This paper for the first trime informs of <i>A. quisqualis</i> parasitizing on <i>P. mali</i> and <i>Po. tridactyla</i> var. <i>tridactyla</i>.

Hexaflurate in Soils and Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Allen ◽  
J. D. Dodd ◽  
D. K. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Ionic Exchange ◽  
Resin Column ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Better Than

A clean-up procedure for soil and plant samples utilizing a non-ionic exchange resin column followed by treatment with lead acetate was developed for determining microgram quantities of hexaflurate (potassium hexafluoroarsenate) spectrophotometrically. The method is sensitive to 0.45 ppm with a standard deviation of 0.09 ppm with a recovery of better than 85%. Samples high in organic matter require this treatment to remove interfering substances. Soil samples containing little or no organic matter could be analyzed by using either the lead acetate treatment or the non-ionic exchange resin column. Soil and plant samples analyzed 5 to 7 yr following treatment of south Texas soils for pricklypear (Opuntia spp.) control were found to contain trace quantities of hexaflurate. Downward movement of hexaflurate is either very slow or plants continually assimilate the ion and redeposit it on the soil surface through decomposition of plant parts. The tri- and pent-oxide forms of arsenic did not interfere with analysis of the hexaflurate ion using the clean-up procedure.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Fusarium oxysporum, a wilt causing fungus, for its pathogenic and non-pathogenic nature in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Joshi ◽  
Rashmi Srivastava ◽  
A. K. Sharma ◽  
Anil Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Plant Samples

Collection of soil and plant samples from nine different geographical locations in Uttar Pradesh state of India was made. Composite soil was analyzed for its nutrient status. A total of sixty isolates of Fusarium species were recovered from the soil and plant samples. Among these, thirty nine isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of their morphological and molecular identification. The pathogenicity test was conducted on tomato variety Pant T-3, disease incidence ranged from zero to 78.74%. Among F. oxysporum isolates, five were non pathogenic and three were found strongly pathogenic.Non-pathogenic isolates were tested for their antagonistic effect against most pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum. The results showed that the Isolate no. 40 showed the highest antagonistic activity in inhibiting radial growth of pathogenic isolates.

scholarly journals Nutrient and Bioactive Components of Annona muricata and Fagara zanthoxyloide of South-Southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
O. U. Ekere ◽  
C. C. Monago-Ighorodje ◽  
C. U. Ogunka-Nnoka
Keyword(s):  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Leaves And Roots

This study was aimed at investigating the nutrient and bioactive components of Annona muricata and Fagara zanthxoyloide from south-southern Nigeria. The roots and leaves of these plants were collected from communities within this region and an analysis of the phytochemical, mineral and vitamin components of these plant parts were carried out using standard methods. The results of the investigation revealed the a high presence of alkaloids (27.34 ± 0.15 and 12.98 ± 0.98), flavonoids (19.66 ± 0.04 and 3.71 ± 0.46) and phenols (15.10 ± 0.11 and 0.07 ± 0.42) in the leaves and roots of Annona muricata while alkaloids (35.55 ± 0.95 and 50.90 ± 0.83), tannins (28.70 ± 0.19 and 55.37 ± 0.47) and terpenoids (18.23 ± 0.08 and 41.21 ± 0.16) were observed in leaves and roots of Fagara zanthoxyloide. Mineral analysis revealed the presence of iron (20.23 ± 0.01 and 5.21 ± 0.02), calcium (3.67 ± 0.06 and 1.59 ± 0.01), copper (2.17 ± 0.011 and 0.16 ± 0.01) and magnesium (3.04 ± 0.01 and 2.18 ± 0.005) in leaves and roots of Annona muricata and iron, copper (2.53 ± 0.011 and 7.38 ± 0.017) and zinc (5.16 ± 0.02 and 5.32 ± 0.011) in leaves and roots of Fagara zanthoxyloide. The leaves and roots of both plants also showed the presence of folate (26.82±0.48 and 23.47±0.03 for A. muricata and 15.82±0.18 and 20.63±0.91 for F. zanthoxyloide) and ascorbate (31.97±0.03 and 26.89±0.19 for A. muricata and 13.86±0.13 and 30.21±0.01 for F. zanthoxyloide) in appreciable quantities while vitamins D, E and K were also observed in minute concentrations in both plant samples. These results may thus suggest that these plants from this region as a result of their rich nutrients and bioactive compositions may play a large role in alleviating the salient nutritional, physiological and medical challenges observed among people within this region.

scholarly journals Identification and Pathogenicity of Organisms Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Mango in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Aishatu Haruna ◽  
Fadimatu A. Jika ◽  
Mahmud Y. Jada ◽  
Gali A. Ishaku
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Symptomatic Plant

Some mango fruits marketed in Yola and environs show some anthracnose diseases symptoms. Aims: Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify fungal organisms associated with Anthracnose disease of mango in Yola, Adamawa state, Northeastern Nigeria and to test their pathogenicity. Study Design: Laboratory based controlled experiment. Methodology: Naturally anthracnose infected mango fruits and leaves were purposely sampled from different home gardens, farms, and markets in Yola. The symptomatic plant parts were immediately taken to the laboratory for direct isolation, characterization, identification and pathogenicity testing of fungal isolates. Results: A total of 19 fungal colonies were obtained from the anthracnose infected mango fruits and leaves. Based on similarity of morphological features (colony colour, texture presence of septate mycelia or not, spore shape and number of septa), fungal colonies were grouped into 3 species and were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae. C. gloeosporioides had the highest percentage (66.7%) (77.8%) frequency of occurrence in infected fruits and leaves respectively, compared to A. niger which recorded 11.1% and 20.0% and R. oryzae with 22.2% and 10%. Pathogenicity test revealed only C. gloeosporioides was found pathogenic while the remaining two; A. niger and R. oryzae were non-pathogenic. Conclusion: Findings of this study has indicated that C. gloeosporioides is the etiological agent of anthracnose of mango in the area.

scholarly journals First report of Fusarium solani associated with the bulb rot of Tulip (Tulipa spp) in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qadrul Nisa ◽  
Efath Shahnaz ◽  
Saba Banday ◽  
Ali Anwar ◽  
Khalid Z Masoodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Bulb Rot ◽  
Tulip Bulbs

Tulip is an ornamental bulbous flowering crop belonging to the Genus Tulipa and family Liliaceae. It is the first ranking bulbous ornamental plant in the world (Nayeem and Qayoom 2015). They are often the first flowers to witness the bloom in the spring. Kashmir valley is located in northern Himalayas in northwestern region of Indian subcontinent. It is the most alluring and fascinating place all over India and the home of famous “Indhra Gandhi Memorial Tulip garden”, the largest tulip garden in the entire Asia. However there are number of constraints in tulip cultivation among which bulb rot occupy a prominent place (Piwoni 2000). Bulb rot is posing problem to all the tulip growers throughout the world (De Hertogh et al. 1983). Rot symptoms were observed on tulip bulbs in field as well as in storage conditions (20-22◦C temperature with a relative humidity of 65%) in the summers of 2018 and 2019 in Shalimar fields of Kashmir. The main disease symptoms are yellow sunken spots on bulbs, purple-yellow coloration of leaves. Causal agent was isolated using tissue bit technique (Pathak 1972) on potato dextrose agar plates which where incubated at 24±2◦C . Single spore technique was used to obtain the pure isolate (Johnston and Booth 1983). The isolate covered the full plate (90mm) in ten days. The colony was dull whitish in color, flat and smooth with concentric ring formation in the culture plate with inner ring having a creamy exudation. The mycelium was septate, branched and hyaline in color and measured 3.50-5.20 µm in width with an average of 4.4 µm. Micro-conidia were hyaline, cylindrical to oval, 0-1 septa and measured 7.50-11.00×2.80-3.75 µm in size. Macro conidia were hyaline with 3-4 septa, fusiform, moderately curved which measured 21.15- 32.00×3.80-4.75 µm in size with an average of 28.50±0.21× 4.30±0.2 µm. On the basis of these morphological and cultural characteristics of the fungus, it was identified as Fusarium solani (Mar.) Sacc.,. To confirm the identity the PCR amplification was carried out for two genes Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS 1, ITS 4)and Translation Elongation factor1-alpha gene (tef1- alpha) (O’Donnell et al. 1998; White et al. 1990). BLAST analysis of the sequence obtained for both the genes showed 99% homology with F. solani sequences in GenBank and Fusarium –ID databases. The sequences were deposited in the GenBank (Accession No MN611433, MW995477). Pathogenicity test was conducted on variety orange emperor both in laboratory and polyhouse. Bulbs were divided into three sets, (three bulbs per set) one set was given injury and dipped in conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) for 30 min, another set was kept uninjured and dipped in spore suspension of same concentration, the third set was served as control and dipped in sterilized distilled water. All the respective sets were incubated in a moist chamber maintained at a temperature of 22 ◦C to observe symptoms. The injured ones showed symptoms after 7-8 days of inoculation, whereas the uninjured bulbs showed symptoms after 11-12 days. No symptoms were observed in controlled set. A pot experiment was also conducted to carry the pathogenicity tests. Bulbs were injured with the help of sterile needle and were dipped in conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) for 30 min (Pastrana et al. 2014). The bulbs kept for control were dipped in sterilized distilled water. Bulbs were then planted in pots maintained at 18◦C. The above ground parts of the inoculated bulbs showed symptoms like stunted growth which gradually turned yellow and did not produced flowers. The bulbs after harvesting were rotten .No symptoms were observed in controlled plants. To fulfill the Koch's postulates the fungal pathogen was re-isolated which was identified as F. solani. The pathogen is reported to cause disease in other crops (Gupta et al. 2012) but to our knowledge and on the basis of literature, this is the first report of F. solani causing bulb rot of tulip in India.

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