The impact of biomass harvesting on phosphorus uptake by wetland plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y. Kim ◽  
P.M. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Harvesting ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P ◽  
Better Than ◽  
P Removal

Two species of macrophytes, Baumea articulata and Schoenoplectus mucronatus, were examined for their capacity to remove phosphorus under nutrient-rich conditions. Forty large bucket systems with the two different species growing in two types of substrate received artificial wastewaters for nine months, simulating a constructed wetland (CW) under high loading conditions. Half of the plants growing in the topsoil and gravel substrates were periodically harvested whereas the other half remained intact. Plant tissue and substrate samples were regularly analysed to determine their phosphorus concentrations. With respect to phosphorus uptake and removal, the Schoenoplectus in the topsoil medium performed better than the Baumea. Biomass harvesting enhanced P uptake in the Schoenoplectus, however the effect was not significant enough to make an improvement on the overall P removal, due to the slow recovery of plants and regrowth of biomass after harvesting. From P partitioning, it was found that the topsoil medium was the major P pool, storing most of total P present in the system. Plant parts contributed only minor storage with approximately half of that P stored below ground in the plant roots. The overall net effect of harvesting plant biomass was to only remove less than 5% of total phosphorus present in the system.

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
S. H. Begna ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P ◽  
Extractable Soil

The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to help their host plant absorb soil P is well known, but little attention has been paid to the effect of AM fungi on soil P depletion capacity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess, under different P levels, the effects of mycorrhizae on extractable soil P and P uptake by maize hybrids with contrasting phenotypes. The experiment had three factors, including two mycorrhizal treatments (mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal), three P fertilizer rates (0, 40, and 80 mg kg-1) and three maize hybrids [leafy normal stature (LNS), leafy reduced stature (LRS) and a conventional hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)]. Extractable soil P was determined after 3, 6 and 9 wk of maize growth. Plant biomass, P concentration and total P content were also determined after 9 wk of growth. Fertilization increased soil extractable P, plant biomass, P concentration in plants and total P uptake. In contrast to P3979, the LNS and LRS hybrids had higher biomass and total P content when mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizae had less influence on soil extractable P than on total P uptake by plants. The absence of P fertilization increased the importance of AM fungi for P uptake, which markedly reduced soil extractable P under AM plants during growth. This effect was strongest for LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, intermediate for LRS, and not significant for the commercial hybrid P3979, which did not respond to AM inoculation. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, extraradical hyphae, maize hybrid,plant biomass, P uptake, soil extractable P

scholarly journals Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Total P

Abstract Cultivars of a crop can differ genetically with respect to their uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of phosphorus. The objective of this paper was to evaluate genetic variation for P uptake and utilization among peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes. Several traits contribute to the total P efficiency of the genotype, including root length, rate of P uptake per unit root length, leaf and pod characters such as P accumulation, and dry matter/yield produced per unit P absorbed [i.e., P efficiency ratio (PER)]. Peanut genotypes with increased P uptake and higher PER were identified. Some genotypes sustained higher PER at both low and high soil P availabilities.

SHORT-TERM FLOODING OF SOIL: ITS EFFECT ON THE COMPOSITION OF GAS AND WATER PHASES OF SOIL AND ON PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE OF CORN

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. SHEARD ◽  
A. J. LEYSHON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Normal Diffusion ◽  
Total P

A laboratory procedure and apparatus design are described for the sampling of the soil solution and dissolved gases below the surface of a flooded soil without disturbance of the soil or the normal diffusion process. Ethylene and CO2 concentration increased in the dissolved gases of a flooded Maryhill loam (Ortho Humic Gleysol) as the duration of flooding increased from zero to 17 days and the redox potential (Eh) decreased. Soluble Fe and Mn slowly increased as the Eh decreased. The addition of NO3-N depressed ethylene formation and the release of soluble Fe and Mn. The addition of sucrose rapidly eliminated NO3-N from the soil solution, reduced the Eh to −330 mV, stimulated ethylene and CO2 formation, and further solubilized Fe and Mn. The accumulation of dry weight, total P and fertilizer P concentrations in corn were reduced by flooding soil for periods up to 12 days. The measurement of Eh, gases and Fe and Mn in the soil solution suggest that ethylene accumulation and O2 depletion were involved in the reduction of fertilizer P uptake.

scholarly journals Growth, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake of Sorghum Plants as Affected by Green Manuring with Pea or Faba Bean Shell Pod Wastes Using 15N

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Chammaa ◽  
Farid Al-Ain ◽  
Fawaz Kurdali
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
The Impact

Background: During the freezing or canning preparation process of green grain leguminous, large amounts of shell pods are considered as agricultural organic wastes, which may be used as Green Manure (GM) for plant growth enhancement. Objective: Evaluation of the effectiveness of soil amended with shell pod wastes of pea (PGM) or faba bean (FGM) as GM on growth, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in sorghum plants. Methods: Determination of the impact of adding four rates of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha-1) in the form of pea (PGM) or faba bean (FGM) shell pod wastes as GM on the performance of sorghum using the indirect 15N isotopic dilution technique. Results: Sorghum plants responded positively and differently to the soil amendments with either GMs used, particularly, the PGM. In comparison with the control (N0), soil amendment with an equivalent rate of 3.5 t ha-1 of PGM (PGM100) or with 6.5 t ha-1 of FGM (FGM150) almost doubled dry weight, N and P uptake in different plant parts of sorghum. Regardless of the GM used, estimated values of %Ndfgm in sorghum plants ranged from 35% to 55% indicating that the use of pod shells as GM provided substantial portions and amounts of N requirements for sorghum. Moreover, nitrogen recoveries of added GM (%NUEgm) ranged from 29 to 45% indicating that N in both of GM forms were used effectively. Accordingly, equivalent amounts to 17 - 48 kg N ha-1 of inorganic fertilizer may be saved. The beneficial effect of incorporating pod shells in soil on sorghum N was mainly attributed to their N availability, besides to their effects on the improvement of soil N uptake, particularly when using PGM. Conclusion: The agricultural by-products of faba bean and pea pod shells could be used as GM for sorghum growth improvement by enhancing N and P uptake from soil and from the organic source.

scholarly journals Significance of root hairs at the field scale – modelling root water and phosphorus uptake under different field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 447 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ruiz ◽  
N. Koebernick ◽  
S. Duncan ◽  
D. McKay Fletcher ◽  
C. Scotson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and aims Root hairs play a significant role in phosphorus (P) extraction at the pore scale. However, their importance at the field scale remains poorly understood. Methods This study uses a continuum model to explore the impact of root hairs on the large-scale uptake of P, comparing root hair influence under different agricultural scenarios. High vs low and constant vs decaying P concentrations down the soil profile are considered, along with early vs late precipitation scenarios. Results Simulation results suggest root hairs accounted for 50% of total P uptake by plants. Furthermore, a delayed initiation time of precipitation potentially limits the P uptake rate by over 50% depending on the growth period. Despite the large differences in the uptake rate, changes in the soil P concentration in the domain due to root solute uptake remains marginal when considering a single growth season. However, over the duration of 6 years, simulation results showed that noticeable differences arise over time. Conclusion Root hairs are critical to P capture, with uptake efficiency potentially enhanced by coordinating irrigation with P application during earlier growth stages of crops.

Comparison of aerobic and anoxic phosphorus uptake in ndbepr systems (uct and enbnras)

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Vermande ◽  
S. Sötemann ◽  
G. Aguilera Soriano ◽  
M. Wentzel ◽  
J.M. Audic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
P Release ◽  
University Of Cape Town ◽  
The University ◽  
P Removal

Two Nitrification-Denitrification Biological Excess Phosphorus Removal (NDBEPR) systems have been operated for 8.5 months in order to compare their Biological Excess Phosphorus Removal (BEPR) performance. One of these systems, i.e. the University of Cape Town (UCT) system, exhibits mainly aerobic P uptake while the External Nitrification Biological Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge (ENBNRAS) system is characterised by high anoxic P uptake. It was observed that when operating with predominantly aerobic P uptake, the UCT system released more P than the ENBNRAS system, even though it had a lower anaerobic mass fraction. However, when the influent TKN/COD was high, i.e. >0.1, anoxic P uptake also occurred in the UCT system and P release dropped to lower levels than in the ENBNRAS. Accordingly, P uptake of the UCT system was 5 mg P/l influent higher than that of the ENBNRAS system, when it was predominantly aerobic, but 9 mg P/l influent lower when anoxic P uptake occurred. As a result, the UCT system achieved superior P removal when aerobic P uptake was predominant (23% higher), but when high influent TKN/COD promoted anoxic P uptake the P removal of the UCT system was poorer than that of the ENBNRAS system. This study clearly showed that anoxic P uptake is not beneficial to NDBEPR systems.

scholarly journals Above- and below-ground effects of an ecosystem engineer ant in Mediterranean dry grasslands

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1935) ◽  
pp. 20201840
Author(s):  
T. De Almeida ◽  
F. Mesléard ◽  
M. Santonja ◽  
R. Gros ◽  
T. Dutoit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ecosystem Engineer ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Impact

Within a local assemblage, ecosystem engineers can have major impacts on population dynamics, community composition and ecosystem functions by transforming or creating new habitats. They act as an ecological filter altering community composition through a set of environmental variables. The impact of ants on their environment has been widely studied, but their multi-component effects (both trophic and non-trophic) have been rarely addressed. We investigated the roles of Messor barbarus , one of the commonest harvester ant species in south-western European Mediterranean grasslands. We analysed soil physico-chemical parameters, above-ground vegetation (e.g. species richness, plant community, micro-local heterogeneity, plant biomass) and above- and below-ground fauna (macrofauna, Collembola, Acari and nematodes). A clear and strong local impact of M. barbarus on soil, vegetation and fauna compartments emerges. The environmental filter is altered by modifications to soil physico-chemical properties, and the biotic filter by changes to plant communities and altered above- and below-ground fauna abundance, occurrence and community structure. The engineering activity of M. barbarus affects not only these separate ecosystem components but also the trophic and non-trophic relationships between them. By altering ecological filters at a local scale, M. barbarus creates habitat heterogeneity that may in turn increase ecological niches in these highly diverse ecosystems.

Phosphorus uptake in faba bean, field pea, and corn cultivars from different sources: preliminary studies of two options for organic farmers

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunasekhar Nachimuthu ◽  
Peter Lockwood ◽  
Chris Guppy ◽  
Paul Kristiansen
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Traditional Cultivars

Low soil phosphorus (P) availability commonly limits yield in Australian broadacre organic production systems where superphosphate fertiliser is not permitted, and alternative P nutrition strategies are sought. Glasshouse experiments were conducted to investigate the potential of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) (FB), or field peas (Pisum sativum L.) (FP), grown in acidic sandy loam or alkaline clay, to accumulate P, which could then be supplied to a subsequent crop as part of a green manure rotation or after harvest. Another experiment investigated differences in growth and P acquisition between corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars: Hycorn 424 (a modern hybrid), and four traditional cultivars used in organic production. The experiments were carried out under conditions of P stress and had rock phosphate (RP), poultry manure (PM), or single superphosphate (SP) applied at 50 kg P/ha. For FP, maximum P input to the soil from incorporation would occur at or after pod initiation. However, P uptake by both legumes in both soils from sparingly soluble RP was low, with fertiliser P-use efficiencies of 0–1.3% compared with 1.8–12.7% for PM and 6.1–9.9% for SP. In the corn experiment, P fertiliser source had much larger effects than cultivar on plant biomass and P uptake, with responses generally ranked SP > PM > > RP > Control. Hycorn 424 generally produced higher dry matter and P uptake than the traditional cultivars under all P treatments. The implications of these preliminary investigations for Australian broadacre organic agriculture are discussed.

Design and Operation of a Pilot-Scale Biological Phosphate Removal Plant at Central Contra Costa Sanitary District

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Miyamoto-Mills ◽  
J Larson ◽  
D Jenkins ◽  
W Owen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Total P ◽  
Uptake And Release ◽  
P Removal ◽  
Sanitary District

A pilot plant incorporating side-stream biological phosphate (P) removal was operated at the Central Contra Costa Sanitary District (CCCSD), CA, USA wastewater treatment plant from Apr-Dec 1981. Secondary effluent total P< 1 mg P/L was obtained consistently both when the plant nitrified and did not nitrify. The P-stripper usually employed elutriation of solids with primary effluent, however operation with no elutriation was tested briefly. A minimum elutriation rate was required for successful P removal in this study. Uptake and release of Mg2+ and K+ accompanied P uptake and release. Bulking at low F/M was controlled by introducing two small-volume compartments at the head end of the aeration basin.

Removing filterable reactive phosphorus from highly coloured stormwater using constructed wetlands

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Lund ◽  
P.S. Lavery ◽  
R.F. Froend
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Benthic Flux ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

A constructed wetland design, consisting of 16 repeating cells was proposed for Henley Brook (Perth, Western Australia) to optimise the removal of FRP from urban stormwater. Three replicate experimental ponds (15×5 m), were constructed to represent at a 1:1 scale a single cell from this design. Three 5 m zones of each pond were sampled: shallow (0.3 m) vegetated (Schoenoplectus validus) inflow and outflow zones and a deeper (1 m), V-shaped central zone. In 1998/99, inflows and outflow waters were intensively sampled and analysed for FRP and Total P. In addition, all major pools of P (plants, sediment) within the ponds, and important P removal processes (benthic flux, uptake by biofilm and S. validus) were quantified. A removal efficiency of 5% (1998) and 10% (1999) was obtained for FRP. Initial uptake was mainly in plant biomass, although the sediment became an increasingly important sink. Benthic flux experiments showed that anoxia did not cause release of P from sediments, indicating that most of the P was bound as apatite rather than associated with Fe or Mn. The highly coloured waters were believed responsible for the very low biofilm biomass recorded (<1 g.m-2). We have demonstrated that constructed wetlands can be effective for removing FRP immediately after construction, although their long-term removal capacity needs further research.

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