Letter to Editor: Use of Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) to Determine the Surface Energy and Surface Area of Powdered Materials

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1718-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cline ◽  
R. Dalby
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Inverse Gas Chromatography

Characterization of Silica Xerogels Surfaces by Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC)

2000 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Donnet ◽  
T. K. Wang ◽  
Y. J. Li ◽  
H. Balard ◽  
G. T. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Inverse Gas Chromatography ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Silica Xerogels ◽  
Finite Concentration

Abstract Silylated silica xerogels, with controlled specific surface area and porosity, were prepared by a two-step procedure. In the first step, hydrogels were treated “in-situ” with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) in the presence of 2-propanol and acid. In the second step, the hydrophobic gel was transferred into an organic solvent, the residual water removed by azeotropic distillation and the dried xerogel isolated by evaporating the solvent. Using this procedure, structure collapse of the hydrogels was minimized and it was possible to make xerogels with controlled specific surface area and porosity by varying the aging conditions of the hydrogels. The surface properties of both the untreated and the “in-situ” treated silica xerogels were examined by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at either infinite dilution conditions (IGC-ID) or finite concentration conditions (IGC-FD). The former method was used to monitor the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of molecular probes in interaction with the sites having the highest energies, while the latter method was used to provide information about the surface energy heterogeneity of the whole surface. The results for the xerogels are also compared to those obtained on untreated and silylated fumed silicas. After silylation, a systematical surface energy decrease has been observed at both ID and FD conditions of IGC for the two types of silica. However, the modified xerogels with higher surface coverage than silylated fumed silica show some different behaviors.

Surface Energy of Commercial and Pyrolytic Carbon Blacks by Inverse Gas Chromatography

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Darmstadt ◽  
Christian Roy ◽  
Serge Kaliaguine ◽  
Helga Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Inverse Gas Chromatography ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Dispersive Component ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Carbonaceous Deposits

Abstract The surface properties of carbon blacks obtained by vacuum pyrolysis of different used rubbers (CBp) and of commercial carbon blacks were measured by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The dispersive component of the surface energy (γsd) and the specific interaction (Isp) of the recovered CBp were lower than γsd and Isp of the virgin carbon black initially present in the rubber. However, γsd and Isp of recovered medium surface area carbon black and of virgin low-surface-area carbon black were comparable. During the pyrolysis, carbonaceous deposits are formed on the CBp surface. A correlation between γsd and Isp and the amount of the carbonaceous deposits, measured by ESCA, was found, suggesting that the formation of these deposits is responsible for the decrease of γsd and Isp.

Determination of the Polar and Total Surface Energy Distributions of Particulates by Inverse Gas Chromatography

Langmuir ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyamal C. Das ◽  
Ian Larson ◽  
David A. V. Morton ◽  
Peter J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Inverse Gas Chromatography ◽  
Total Surface Energy ◽  
Energy Distributions
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