Event-Related Oscillations and Cognitive Processes in Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Heinrich ◽  
Vasil Kolev ◽  
Aribert Rothenberger ◽  
Juliana Yordanova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Wavelet Networks ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Adaptive Procedures ◽  
Related Potentials

Event-related EEG modulations, which are phase-locked to perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes, are often studied by means of event-related potentials (ERPs), although event-related oscillatory responses in different EEG frequency bands allow a more refined analysis, closer to brain physiology. This article introduces the basics of time-frequency methods, which are typically applied for the analysis of event-related oscillations, focusing on adaptive procedures (e.g., wavelet networks). The potential of these methods is illustrated. Findings about event-related oscillations (gamma responses, theta responses) in children performing an auditory selective attention task are reviewed. Both the neuronal substrates of gamma (30–70 Hz) networks and the ability to synchronize these networks in relation to task-specific processes are available in children and adolescents from 9 to 16 years of age. Developmental changes in the task reactivity of synchronized gamma oscillations may provide evidence for a transition in cognitive processing strategies emerging at the age of 12–13 years. Event-related theta (3–7.5 Hz) activity is enhanced in two latency ranges. The early event-related theta response occurring 0–200 ms after a stimulus may be associated with representations of relevant target features in working memory. The late fronto-central theta response (200 – 450 ms) could be related to the processing of task-irrelevant information. In summary, event-related oscillations can be analyzed using time-frequency methods like wavelet networks. This approach should be used intensively to study neurocognitive development in children.

Induced Gamma Band Deficits in Early Psychosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Constante ◽  
M. Shaikh ◽  
I. Williams ◽  
R. Murray ◽  
E. Bramon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Related Potentials

Objective:Abnormalities in event related potentials (ERPs) have long been looked at as markers of disease in Schizophrenia. Over recent years there is a trend in the field to move from averaged trials ERPs analysis in the time-voltage domain, to time-frequency single trials analysis. Oscillations in the Gamma band (30-50Hz) have received particular attention in the context of the theories of core deficits in neuronal synchronization in Schizophrenia. in this study we aimed at replicating previously found Gamma band deficits in a sample of Early Psychosis patients.Methods:EEG was collected from 15 patients and 15 age matched controls using an auditory oddball paradigm. Time-frequency analysis in the Gamma band was performed using a Morlet wavelet transform. We tested differences between the groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, given the nonparametric nature of the data, to compare each group's average single trial Gamma power, maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio.Results:Patients with Early Psychosis showed, following target tones, a reduction in the total power of Gamma band activation (p< 0.01) as well as in induced Gamma band activation (p< 0.01). This was observed in a late latency interval at 400-500ms. the late burst of Gamma activity was not found in the frequent condition, for neither subjects group.Conclusion:The findings are compatible with previous studies suggesting deficits in the late intrinsically generated cognitive processing of auditory stimuli in Schizophrenia, already present in its early stage. They add further evidence of deficits in neuronal synchronisation in the early stages of psychotic disorders.

Event-Related Potential Analysis of ADHD and Control Adults During a Sustained Attention Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simranjit Kaur ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh ◽  
Priti Arun ◽  
Damanjeet Kaur ◽  
Manoj Bajaj
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Mean

Background. Event-related potentials (ERPs) of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) population have been extensively studied using the time-domain representation of signals but time-frequency domain techniques are less explored. Although, adult ADHD is a proven disorder, most of the electrophysiological studies have focused only on children with ADHD. Methods. ERP data of 35 university students with ADHD and 35 control adults were recorded during visual continuous performance task (CPT). Gray level co-occurrence matrix-based texture features were extracted from time-frequency ( t-f) images of event-related EEG epochs. Different ERP components measures, that is, amplitudes and latencies corresponding to N1, N2, and P3 components were also computed relative to standard and target stimuli. Results. Texture analysis has shown that the mean value of contrast, dissimilarity, and difference entropy is significantly reduced in adults with ADHD than in control adults. The mean correlation and homogeneity in adults with ADHD were significantly increased as compared with control adults. ERP components analysis has reported that adults with ADHD have reduced N1 amplitude to target stimuli, reduced N2 and P3 amplitude to both standard and target stimuli than controls. Conclusions. The differences in texture features obtained from t-f images of ERPs point toward altered information processing in adults with ADHD during a cognitive task. Findings of reduction in N1, N2, and P3 components highlight deficits of early sensory processing, stimulus categorization, and attentional resources, respectively, in adults with ADHD.

scholarly journals Functionally independent components of early event-related potentials in a visual spatial attention task

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1387) ◽  
pp. 1135-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Makeig ◽  
Marissa Westerfield ◽  
Jeanne Townsend ◽  
Tzyy-Ping Jung ◽  
Eric Courchesne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Related Potentials

Spatial visual attention modulates the first negative–going deflection in the human averaged event–related potential (ERP) in response to visual target and non–target stimuli (the N1 complex). Here we demonstrate a decomposition of N1 into functionally independent subcomponents with functionally distinct relations to task and stimulus conditions. ERPs were collected from 20 subjects in response to visual target and non–target stimuli presented at five attended and non–attended screen locations. Independent component analysis, a new method for blind source separation, was trained simultaneously on 500 ms grand average responses from all 25 stimulus–attention conditions and decomposed the non–target N1 complexes into five spatially fixed, temporally independent and physiologically plausible components. Activity of an early, laterally symmetrical component pair (N1a R and N1a L ) was evoked by the left and right visual field stimuli, respectively. Component N1a R peaked ca. 9 ms earlier than N1a L . Central stimuli evoked both components with the same peak latency difference, producing a bilateral scalp distribution. The amplitudes of these components were not reliably augmented by spatial attention. Stimuli in the right visual field evoked activity in a spatio–temporally overlapping bilateral component (N1b) that peaked at ca. 180 ms and was strongly enhanced by attention. Stimuli presented at unattended locations evoked a fourth component (P2a) peaking near 240 ms. A fifth component (P3f) was evoked only by targets presented in either visual field. The distinct response patterns of these components across the array of stimulus and attention conditions suggest that they reflect activity in functionally independent brain systems involved in processing attended and unattended visuospatial events.

scholarly journals Probing the neural signature of mind wandering with simultaneous fMRI-EEG and pupillometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Maria Groot ◽  
Nya Mehnwolo Boayue ◽  
Gábor Csifcsák ◽  
Wouter Boekel ◽  
Rene Huster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Signature

Mind wandering reflects the shift in attentional focus from task-related cognition driven by external stimuli toward self-generated and internally-oriented thought processes. Although such task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) are pervasive and detrimental to task performance, their underlying neural mechanisms are only modestly understood. To investigate TUTs with high spatial and temporal precision, we simultaneously measured fMRI, EEG, and pupillometry in healthy adults while they performed a sustained attention task with experience sampling probes. Features of interest were extracted from each modality at the single-trial level and fed to a support vector machine that was trained on the probe responses. Compared to task-focused attention, the neural signature of TUTs was characterized by weaker activity in the default mode network but elevated activity in its anticorrelated network, stronger functional coupling between these networks, widespread increase in alpha, theta, delta, but not beta, frequency power, predominantly reduced amplitudes of late, but not early, event-related potentials, and larger baseline pupil size. Particularly, information contained in dynamic interactions between large-scale cortical networks was predictive of transient changes in attentional focus above other modalities. Together, our results provide insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of TUTs and the neural markers that may facilitate their detection.

scholarly journals Delayed auditory encoding and variable representation of stimulus regularity in cerebellar lesion patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schwartze ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Cerebellar Damage ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Cerebellar Lesions ◽  
Variable Representation ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Suppression Effects

AbstractThe dynamic and fleeting nature of sound necessitates the rapid encoding and use of information distributed over time. Here we investigated cerebellar contributions to these abilities. We measured EEG from cerebellar patients and healthy controls while they listened to “oddball” sound sequences consisting of infrequent pitch-deviant and frequent standard tones. Inter-stimulus-intervals were temporally regular (600 ms) or irregular (200-1000 ms). This allowed probing early event-related potentials (ERP; P50, N100) that reflect repetitive and changing stimulus characteristics in temporally regular or less (irregular) predictable sequences. Further, time-frequency data provided an index of temporal processing variability at the stimulation frequencies. We expected that cerebellar lesions lead to aberrant encoding and use of auditory information, reflected in the ERP morphology of peak amplitudes, latencies and typical suppression effects linked to stimulus predictability. Results confirm longer P50 peak latencies in patients and variable processing at stimulation frequencies covarying with the location of cerebellar damage. These findings further support the idea that the cerebellum might play a generalizable role in the encoding of auditory stimulation over time.

Effects of Experimentally Induced Pain on Mismatch Negativity

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Dick ◽  
John F. Connolly ◽  
Michael E. Houlihan ◽  
Patrick J. McGrath ◽  
G. Allen Finley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Ischemic Pain ◽  
Active Attention ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Abstract: Previous research has found that pain can exert a disruptive effect on cognitive processing. This experiment was conducted to extend previous research with participants with chronic pain. This report examines pain's effects on early processing of auditory stimulus differences using the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) in healthy participants while they experienced experimentally induced pain. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded using target and standard tones whose pitch differences were easy- or difficult-to-detect in conditions where participants attended to (active attention) or ignored (passive attention) the stimuli. Both attention manipulations were conducted in no pain and pain conditions. Experimentally induced ischemic pain did not disrupt the MMN. However, MMN amplitudes were larger to difficult-to-detect deviant tones during painful stimulation when they were attended than when they were ignored. Also, MMN amplitudes were larger to the difficult- than to the easy-to-detect tones in the active attention condition regardless of pain condition. It appears that rather than exerting a disruptive effect, the presence of experimentally induced pain enhanced early processing of small stimulus differences in these healthy participants.

Brain Responses to World Knowledge Violations: A Comparison of Stimulus- and Fixation-triggered Event-related Potentials and Neural Oscillations

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Metzner ◽  
Titus von der Malsburg ◽  
Shravan Vasishth ◽  
Frank Rösler
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Gamma Range ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Related Potentials

Recent research has shown that brain potentials time-locked to fixations in natural reading can be similar to brain potentials recorded during rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). We attempted two replications of Hagoort, Hald, Bastiaansen, and Petersson [Hagoort, P., Hald, L., Bastiaansen, M., & Petersson, K. M. Integration of word meaning and world knowledge in language comprehension. Science, 304, 438–441, 2004] to determine whether this correspondence also holds for oscillatory brain responses. Hagoort et al. reported an N400 effect and synchronization in the theta and gamma range following world knowledge violations. Our first experiment (n = 32) used RSVP and replicated both the N400 effect in the ERPs and the power increase in the theta range in the time–frequency domain. In the second experiment (n = 49), participants read the same materials freely while their eye movements and their EEG were monitored. First fixation durations, gaze durations, and regression rates were increased, and the ERP showed an N400 effect. An analysis of time–frequency representations showed synchronization in the delta range (1–3 Hz) and desynchronization in the upper alpha range (11–13 Hz) but no theta or gamma effects. The results suggest that oscillatory EEG changes elicited by world knowledge violations are different in natural reading and RSVP. This may reflect differences in how representations are constructed and retrieved from memory in the two presentation modes.

An ERP Study on Facial Expression of Emotion: Comparison of Linguistic and Visual Semantic Decoding

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Balconi
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Facial Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Related Potentials

The present research compared the semantic information processing of linguistic stimuli with semantic elaboration of nonlinguistic facial stimuli. To explore brain potentials (ERPs, event-related potentials) related to decoding facial expressions and the effect of semantic valence of the stimulus, we analyzed data for 20 normal subjects ( M age = 23.6 yr., SD = 0.2). Faces with three basic emotional expressions (fear, happiness, and sadness from the 1976 Ekman and Friesen database), with three semantically anomalous expressions (with respect to their emotional content), and the neutral stimuli (face without an emotional content) were presented in a random order. Differences in peak amplitude of ERP were observed later for anomalous expressions compared with congruous expressions. In fact, the results demonstrated that the emotional anomalous faces elicited a higher negative peak at about 360 msec., distributed mainly over the posterior sites. The observed electrophysiological activity may represent specific cognitive processing underlying the comprehension of facial expressions in detection of semantic anomaly. The evidence is in favour of comparability of this negative deflection with the N400 ERP effect elicited by linguistic anomalies.

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