Induced Gamma Band Deficits in Early Psychosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Constante ◽  
M. Shaikh ◽  
I. Williams ◽  
R. Murray ◽  
E. Bramon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Related Potentials

Objective:Abnormalities in event related potentials (ERPs) have long been looked at as markers of disease in Schizophrenia. Over recent years there is a trend in the field to move from averaged trials ERPs analysis in the time-voltage domain, to time-frequency single trials analysis. Oscillations in the Gamma band (30-50Hz) have received particular attention in the context of the theories of core deficits in neuronal synchronization in Schizophrenia. in this study we aimed at replicating previously found Gamma band deficits in a sample of Early Psychosis patients.Methods:EEG was collected from 15 patients and 15 age matched controls using an auditory oddball paradigm. Time-frequency analysis in the Gamma band was performed using a Morlet wavelet transform. We tested differences between the groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, given the nonparametric nature of the data, to compare each group's average single trial Gamma power, maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio.Results:Patients with Early Psychosis showed, following target tones, a reduction in the total power of Gamma band activation (p< 0.01) as well as in induced Gamma band activation (p< 0.01). This was observed in a late latency interval at 400-500ms. the late burst of Gamma activity was not found in the frequent condition, for neither subjects group.Conclusion:The findings are compatible with previous studies suggesting deficits in the late intrinsically generated cognitive processing of auditory stimuli in Schizophrenia, already present in its early stage. They add further evidence of deficits in neuronal synchronisation in the early stages of psychotic disorders.

Intramodal and crossmodal refractory effects: Evidence from oscillatory brain activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Davide Bottari ◽  
Sophie Rohlf ◽  
Marlene Hense ◽  
Boukje Habets ◽  
Brigitte Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity ◽  
Auditory Cortices

Event-related potentials (ERP) to the second stimulus of a pair are known to be reduced in amplitude. The magnitude of this ‘refractoriness’ is modulated by both the interstimulus interval and the similarity between the two stimuli. Intramodal refractoriness is interpreted as an index of a temporary decrement in neural responsiveness. So, cross-modal refractoriness might be an indicator of shared neural generators between modalities. We analysed oscillatory neuronal activity while participants were engaged in an oddball paradigm with auditory (4000 Hz, 50 ms-long, 90 db, bilateral) and tactile stimuli (50 ms-long, 125 Hz-vibrations, index fingers) presented in a random order with an ISI of either 1000 or 2000 ms. Participants were required to detect rare tactile (middle fingers) and auditory deviants (600 Hz). A time–frequency analysis of the brain response to the second stimulus of each pair (T-T, A-A, T-A and A-T) contrasting Short and Long ISIs revealed a reduced refractory effect after Long ISI with respect to Short ISI, in all pairs (both intramodal and cross-modal). This emerged as a broadly distributed increase of evoked theta activity (3–7 Hz, 100–500 ms). Only in intramodal tactile pairs and cross-modal tactile-auditory pairs we also observed that Long ISI with respect to Short ISI determined a decrease of induced alpha (8–12 Hz, 200–700 ms), a typical sign of enhanced neural excitability and thus decreased refractoriness. These data suggest that somatosensory and auditory cortices display different neural markers of refractoriness and that the auditory cortex might have a stronger low level degree of influence on the tactile cortex than vice-versa.

scholarly journals Is cognitive processing affected in adults with hypospadias?: P300 study

Open Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Tekeli ◽  
Hasan Koçoğlu ◽  
Cabir Alan ◽  
Mustafa Emir Tavşanlı ◽  
Halit Yaşar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractBackground: Hypospadias is a common urogenital system disorder. The frenulum, which is the most sensitive area of the glans penis, is not present in patients with hypospadias. This may lead to a failure in sexual and ejaculatory function, and cause emotional problems affecting cognitive processes.Aim: We aimed to study auditory Event Related Potentials (ERP) in patients with hypospadias to understand the status of cognitive function.Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with hypospadias who presented to the Urology Outpatient Clinic of Çanakkale Military Hospital, and 11 healthy individuals of similar age were chosen. The auditory oddball paradigm with ERP from the Cz and Fz head regions were studied. The latency and amplitude of the P300 wave were measured.Results: Both, the study and control groups consisted of young males. Although the study group had a longer P300 latency and lower P300 amplitude when compared to control group, the results were not statistically significant (p: 0.059 and 0.346 respectively).Conclusion: Although the results are not statistically significant, our findings indicate that there may be cognitive changes in patients with hypospadias. Further studies of larger sample size and older patient cohorts are needed.

scholarly journals Aversive conditioning in oddball paradigm modulates multisensory integration, attention and emotional processing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri G. Pavlov ◽  
Boris Kotchoubey
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Electrical Shocks ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractThe nature of cortical plasticity in the course of learning is one of the most intriguing questions of the modern cognitive neuroscience. Aversive conditioning is a type of associative learning produced by continuous pairing of neutral and aversive stimuli. Aversive conditioning and electroencephalography together provide a good framework for expanding our knowledge about fast learning-related cortical changes. In our experiment we tested a novel paradigm to study associative learning where aversive conditioning was combined with passive oddball. We employed conditioned auditory neutral stimuli and unconditioned aversive electrical shocks and used time-frequency, connectivity and event-related potentials (ERP) analyses to explore their interaction. First, we observed changes in the cortical activity in the form of conditioning-induced multisensory integration. The integration manifested itself in (1) desynchronization of lower beta activity in the contralateral to expected electrical shocks hemisphere and (2) enhanced functional connectivity between auditory and somatosensory cortex in the gamma frequency band. Second, we found a larger amplitude of P3a and the late posterior positivity (LPP) components of ERP to conditioned stimuli, which may be related to increased attentional and emotional significance of these stimuli. Our results reproduced and extended previous findings about multisensory integration in classical conditioning and demonstrated the improved discriminability of ERP responses through incorporation of the oddball paradigm in associative learning.

scholarly journals Suggested visual blockade during hypnosis: Top-down modulation of stimulus processing in a visual oddball task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257380
Author(s):  
Marcel Franz ◽  
Barbara Schmidt ◽  
Holger Hecht ◽  
Ewald Naumann ◽  
Wolfgang H. R. Miltner
Keyword(s):  
Computing Time ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Oddball ◽  
Hypnotic Suggestions

Several theories of hypnosis assume that responses to hypnotic suggestions are implemented through top-down modulations via a frontoparietal network that is involved in monitoring and cognitive control. The current study addressed this issue re-analyzing previously published event-related-potentials (ERP) (N1, P2, and P3b amplitudes) and combined it with source reconstruction and connectivity analysis methods. ERP data were obtained from participants engaged in a visual oddball paradigm composed of target, standard, and distractor stimuli during a hypnosis (HYP) and a control (CON) condition. In both conditions, participants were asked to count the rare targets presented on a video screen. During HYP participants received suggestions that a wooden board in front of their eyes would obstruct their view of the screen. The results showed that participants’ counting accuracy was significantly impaired during HYP compared to CON. ERP components in the N1 and P2 window revealed no amplitude differences between CON and HYP at sensor-level. In contrast, P3b amplitudes in response to target stimuli were significantly reduced during HYP compared to CON. Source analysis of the P3b amplitudes in response to targets indicated that HYP was associated with reduced source activities in occipital and parietal brain areas related to stimulus categorization and attention. We further explored how these brain sources interacted by computing time-frequency effective connectivity between electrodes that best represented frontal, parietal, and occipital sources. This analysis revealed reduced directed information flow from parietal attentional to frontal executive sources during processing of target stimuli. These results provide preliminary evidence that hypnotic suggestions of a visual blockade are associated with a disruption of the coupling within the frontoparietal network implicated in top-down control.

Attentional Bias in Patients with Decompensated Tinnitus: Prima Facie Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Li ◽  
Ruolei Gu ◽  
Xiangli Zeng ◽  
Weifang Zhong ◽  
Min Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials

Tinnitus refers to the auditory perception of sound in the absence of external sound or electric stimuli. The influence of tinnitus on cognitive processing is at the cutting edge of ongoing tinnitus research. In this study, we adopted an objective indicator of attentional processing, i.e. the mismatch negativity (MMN), to assess the attentional bias in patients with decompensated tinnitus. Three kinds of pure tones, D1 (8,000 Hz), S (8,500 Hz) and D2 (9,000 Hz), were used to induce event-related potentials (ERPs) in the normal ear. Employing the oddball paradigm, the task was divided into two blocks in which D1 and D2 were set as deviation stimuli, respectively. Only D2 induced a significant MMN in the tinnitus group, while neither D1 nor D2 was able to induce MMN in the control group. In addition, the ERPs in the left hemisphere, which were recorded within the time window of 90-150 ms (ERP90-150 ms), were significantly higher than those in the right hemisphere in the tinnitus group, while no significant difference was observed in the control group. Lastly, the amplitude of ERP90-150 ms in the tinnitus group was significantly higher than that in the control group. These findings suggest that patients with decompensated tinnitus showed automatic processing of acoustic stimuli, thereby indicating that these patients allocated more cognitive resources to acoustic stimulus processing. We suggest that the difficulty in disengaging or facilitated attention of patients might underlie this phenomenon. The limitations of the current study are discussed.

Auditory Event-Related Potentials and Reaction Times in Migraine Children

Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Buodo ◽  
D Palomba ◽  
M Sarlo ◽  
C Naccarella ◽  
PA Battistella
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Event ◽  
N100 Amplitude ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Event Related Potentials

Cognitive processing was investigated interictally in 18 children with migraine without aura and 18 age-matched controls by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) during an acoustic oddball paradigm. Results showed that N100 amplitude evoked by frequent stimuli was significantly smaller in patients compared with controls. Habituation of target P300 amplitude was observed in patients but not in controls. Mean RTs were equivalent in the two groups, but migraine children made more errors than controls.

Event-Related Oscillations and Cognitive Processes in Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Heinrich ◽  
Vasil Kolev ◽  
Aribert Rothenberger ◽  
Juliana Yordanova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Wavelet Networks ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Adaptive Procedures ◽  
Related Potentials

Event-related EEG modulations, which are phase-locked to perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes, are often studied by means of event-related potentials (ERPs), although event-related oscillatory responses in different EEG frequency bands allow a more refined analysis, closer to brain physiology. This article introduces the basics of time-frequency methods, which are typically applied for the analysis of event-related oscillations, focusing on adaptive procedures (e.g., wavelet networks). The potential of these methods is illustrated. Findings about event-related oscillations (gamma responses, theta responses) in children performing an auditory selective attention task are reviewed. Both the neuronal substrates of gamma (30–70 Hz) networks and the ability to synchronize these networks in relation to task-specific processes are available in children and adolescents from 9 to 16 years of age. Developmental changes in the task reactivity of synchronized gamma oscillations may provide evidence for a transition in cognitive processing strategies emerging at the age of 12–13 years. Event-related theta (3–7.5 Hz) activity is enhanced in two latency ranges. The early event-related theta response occurring 0–200 ms after a stimulus may be associated with representations of relevant target features in working memory. The late fronto-central theta response (200 – 450 ms) could be related to the processing of task-irrelevant information. In summary, event-related oscillations can be analyzed using time-frequency methods like wavelet networks. This approach should be used intensively to study neurocognitive development in children.

Neurophysiological correlates of abnormal auditory processing in episodic migraine during the interictal period

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 033310242095150
Author(s):  
Adrià Vilà-Balló ◽  
Angela Marti-Marca ◽  
Marta Torres-Ferrús ◽  
Alicia Alpuente ◽  
Victor José Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Related Potentials

Background The characteristics of the hypersensitivity to auditory stimuli during the interictal period in episodic migraine are discussed. The combined use of event-related potentials, time-frequency power and phase-synchronization can provide relevant information about the time-course of sensory-attentional processing in migraine and its underlying mechanisms. Objective The aim of this nested case-control study was to examine these processes in young, female, episodic migraine patients interictally and compare them to controls using an active auditory oddball task. Method We recorded, using 20 channels, the electrophysiological brain activity of 21 women with episodic migraine without aura and 21 healthy matched controls without family history of migraine, during a novelty oddball paradigm. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data as well as scores related to disability, quality of life, anxiety and depression. We calculated behavioural measures including reaction times, hit rates and false alarms. Spectral power and phase-synchronization of oscillatory activity as well as event-related potentials were obtained for standard stimuli. For target and novel stimuli, event-related potentials were acquired. Results There were no significant differences at the behavioural level. In migraine patients, we found an increased phase-synchronization at the theta frequency range and a higher N1 response to standard trials. No differences were observed in spectral power. No evidence for a lack of habituation in any of the measures was seen between migraine patients and controls. The Reorienting Negativity was reduced in migraine patients as compared to controls on novel but not on target trials. Conclusion Our findings suggest that migraine patients process stimuli as more salient, seem to allocate more of their attentional resources to their surrounding environment, and have less available resources to reorient attention back to the main task.

Increased cognitive load during pseudoword processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-309
Author(s):  
Lukša Matas ◽  
◽  
Marina Olujić Tomazin ◽  
Jelena Kuvač Kraljević ◽  
Gordana Hržica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
New Words ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
Target Words

Pseudowords (words without semantic meaning) are often used as a control condition in linguistic cognitive experiments, with the expectation that such words, unlike real words, do not activate higher cognitive processes in the brain. However, other theories assume that pseudowords are perceived as new words, leading to an even higher cognitive response. The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive load of processing a pseudoword by observing event-related potentials in a 3-stimulus oddball paradigm using real target words, real non-target words, and pseudowords as oddball stimuli. The results show a clear task-related P3b triggered by target words, but also a prominent P600 component triggered by pseudowords, indicating difficulty in the classification task due to unknown words. Surprisingly, N400 was decreased for pseudowords compared to target and non-target words at the locations where P3b and P600 were observed, suggesting that task-related effects might inhibit other aspects of cognitive processing. These results could lead to better understanding of the components that may overlap temporally and topographically, and to the more precise control of different cognitive generators involved in event-related potential experiments in pseudowords.

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