Twin Study of Impulsive Buying and its Overlap with Personality

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Bratko ◽  
Ana Butkovic ◽  
Michael Bosnjak
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Impulsive Buying ◽  
Age And Sex

This study explores the origins of individual differences in impulsive buying from a behavioral genetics perspective. It also assesses whether phenotypic associations between personality and impulsive buying tendency can be attributed to overlapping genetic factors. Data were collected via mail for 339 twin pairs. Personality traits according to a five-factor model and impulsive buying were measured. The results indicate that additive genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental influences may be important for individual differences in impulsive buying. Phenotypic correlations with Impulsivity (r = .32), Neuroticism (r = .23), and Extraversion (r = .20) are largely driven by the overlapping genetic influences. Together with age and sex personality traits explain 25% of individual differences in impulsive buying tendency. These results add to our understanding of individual differences in impulsive buying and the nature of its relationship with personality.

scholarly journals BEHAVIORAL GENETICS FOUNDATIONS OF RELATIONS BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SATISFACTION WITH LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selka Sadiković ◽  
Snežana Smederevac ◽  
Dušanka Mitrović ◽  
Ilija Milovanović
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Life Philosophy

The long-term stability of subjective wellbeing has directed an attention to stable dispositions as the probable source of individual differences in the satisfaction with life (SWL). The main objective of this study was to examine the extent of genetic overlap between SWL and personality traits of the five-factor model (FFM). The sample consisted of 121 monozygotic and 61 dizygotic twin pairs (the average age was 24.59, SD = 7.11). Satisfaction with Life Scale and The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PIR) were applied. Multivariate genetic modeling was performed. The results show the most appropriate fit indices for Independent AE model(χ²/df = 1.41, CFI = .92, TLI = .91, RMSEA = .07, AIC = 17400.81, BIC = 17558.68, SRMR = .10). SWL and all NEOPI- R personality traits have a moderate to strong genetic bases, while the common genetic influences for SWL are 40%. The results show that unique environmental contributions are moderate to strong (from 61% for Neuroticism, 41% for SWL, to 23% for Conscientiousness). Genetically driven tendency common to Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness, underlines individual differences in SWL, and therefore a cognitive evaluation of SWL seems to be substantially based on emotional tendencies encompassed by the FFM. Also, SWL appears to be uniquely environmentally influenced, which implies benefits of wellbeing interventions through the process of learning or adopting a different life philosophy.

scholarly journals Using the 16PF to Test the Differentiation of Personality by Intelligence Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Georg Krammer ◽  
Richard D. Goffin ◽  
Michael D. Biderman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Personality Measure ◽  
G Factor ◽  
Configural Invariance ◽  
Job Candidates

The differentiation of personality by intelligence hypothesis suggests that there will be greater individual differences in personality traits for those individuals who are more intelligent. Conversely, less intelligent individuals will be more similar to each other in their personality traits. The hypothesis was tested with a large sample of managerial job candidates who completed an omnibus personality measure with 16 scales and five intelligence measures (used to generate an intelligence g-factor). Based on the g-factor composite, the sample was split using the median to conduct factor analyses within each half. A five-factor model was tested for both the lower and higher intelligence halves and were found to have configural invariance but not metric or scalar invariance. In general, the results provide little support for the differentiation hypothesis as there was no clear and consistent pattern of lower inter-scale correlations for the more intelligent individuals.

scholarly journals Do voices carry valid information about a speaker's personality?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Stern ◽  
Christoph Schild ◽  
Benedict C Jones ◽  
Lisa Marie DeBruine ◽  
Amanda Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Valid Information

Research on links between peoples’ personality traits and their voices has primarily focused on other peoples’ personality judgments about a target person based on a target person’s vocal characteristics, particularly voice pitch. However, it remains unclear whether individual differences in voices are linked to actual individual differences in personality traits, and thus whether vocal characteristics are indeed valid cues to personality. Here, we investigate how the personality traits of the Five Factor Model of Personality, sociosexuality, and dominance are related to measured fundamental frequency (voice pitch) and formant frequencies (formant position). For this purpose, we conducted a secondary data analysis of a large sample (2,217 participants) from eleven different, independent datasets with a Bayesian approach. Results suggest substantial negative relationships between voice pitch and self-reported sociosexuality, dominance and extraversion in men and women. Thus, personality might at least partly be expressed in people’s voice pitch. Evidence for an association between formant frequencies and self-reported personality traits is not compelling but remains uncertain. We discuss potential underlying biological mechanisms of our effects and suggest a number of implications for future research.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Predictive Role of Temperament Dimensions and Attachment Styles on the Five Factor Model of Personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Efrat Barel ◽  
Yonathan Mizrachi ◽  
Maayan Nachmani
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report

Background: The present study investigated the role of temperament and attachment security in predicting individual differences in the five factor personality traits among adults. As previous studies suggested the potential moderating role of attachment in the association between temperament and personality traits, the present study sought to examine an interactionist model combining attachment and temperament in explaining individual differences in personality traits. Methods: A sample of 1871 participants (1151 women and 719 men) completed self-report measures of adult attachment style (the Relationships Questionnaire—RQ), temperament dimension (the Fisher Temperament Inventory—FTI), and personality domain (the Five Factor Model—FFM). Results: Partial correlational analyses revealed associations between attachment security and each of the five domains of the FFM, and few associations between some temperament dimensions and several domains of the FFM. Moderated regression analyses showed that attachment security moderated the associations between temperament dimensions and the Agreeableness domain of the FFM. Among secure individuals, those with higher scores on the Curious/Energetic, Cautious/Social Norm Compliant and Prosocial/Empathetic scales exhibited higher Agreeableness scores, whereas among insecure individuals, those with higher scores on the Analytic/Tough-minded scale exhibited lower scores on the Agreeableness scale. Conclusion: Overall, the current study provides evidence in support of the substantive role of social-environmental factors (Adult Attachment) as a moderating element bridging temperament-related personality elements and a number of their FFM manifestations.

Psychopathic Personality Traits, Genetic Risk, and Gene-Environment Correlations

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 896-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Beaver ◽  
J.C. Barnes ◽  
Joshua S. May ◽  
Joseph A. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

There is a great deal of evidence indicating that psychopathy and psychopathic traits represent some of the strongest correlates to serious violent criminal behavior. As a result, there has been a recent surge of behavioral genetic studies examining the genetic and environmental factors that may be related to the development of psychopathy. The current study extends this line of research by analyzing a sample of kinship pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to estimate the extent to which genetic factors relate to measures of psychopathic personality traits created from the five factor model. Moreover, the authors also test for a series of gene—environment correlations between genetic risk for psychopathic personality traits and measures of parental negativity. The results of the analyses revealed that genetic factors explained between .37 and .44 of the variance in measures of psychopathy. Additional statistical models indicated the presence of gene—environment correlations between parental negativity and genetic risk for psychopathic personality traits.

scholarly journals The hierarchical structure of error-related negativities elicited from affective and social stimuli and their relations to personality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
K. D. Novak ◽  
B. Ait Oumeziane ◽  
D. Foti ◽  
D. B. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses

Abstract Psychophysiological measures have become increasingly accessible to researchers and many have properties that indicate their use as individual difference indicators. For example, the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential (ERP) thought to reflect error-monitoring processes, has been related to individual differences, such as Neuroticism and Conscientiousness traits. Although various tasks have been used to elicit the ERN, only a few studies have investigated its variability across tasks when examining the relations between the ERN and personality traits. In this project, we examined the relations of the ERN elicited from four variants of the Flanker task (Arrow, Social, Unpleasant, and Pleasant) that were created to maximize the differences in their relevance to personality traits. A sample of 93 participants with a history of treatment for psychopathology completed the four tasks as well as self-report measures of the general and maladaptive five-factor model (FFM) traits. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of ERN amplitudes indicated that three of the four tasks (Arrow, Social, and Unpleasant) were unidimensional. Another set of CFAs indicated that a general factor underlies the ERN elicited from all tasks as well as unique task-specific variances. The correlations of estimated latent ERN scores and personality traits did not reflect the hypothesized correlation patterns. Variability across tasks and the hierarchical model of the ERN may aid in understanding psychopathology dimensions and in informing future endeavors integrating the psychophysiological methods into the study of personality. Recommendations for future research on psychophysiological indicators as individual differences are discussed.

scholarly journals Leveraging a more nuanced view of personality: Narrow characteristics predict and explain variance in life outcomes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Mõttus ◽  
Timothy Charles Bates ◽  
David M Condon ◽  
Dan Mroczek ◽  
William Revelle
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
New Research

Among the main topics of individual differences research is the associations of personality traits with life outcomes. Relying on recent advances of personality conceptualizations and drawing parallels with genetics, we propose that representing these associations with individual questionnaire items (markers of personality “nuances”) can provide incremental value for predicting and explaining them—often even without further data collection. For illustration, we show that item-based models trained to predict ten outcomes out-predicted models based on Five-Factor Model (FFM) domains or facets in independent participants, with median proportions of explained variance being 9.7% (item-based models), 4.2% (domain-based models) and 5.9% (facet-based models). This was not due to item-outcome overlap. Instead, personality-outcome associations are often driven by dozens of specific characteristics, nuances. Outlining item-level correlations helps to better understand why personality is linked with particular outcomes and opens entirely new research avenues—at almost no additional cost.

Shopping Motives and the Five Factor Model: An Integration and Preliminary Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Mooradian ◽  
James M. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Consumer Psychology ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Preliminary Study

In consumer psychology, a primary and recurring goal of retail patronage and research on segmentation has been the identification of enduring differences in shopping patterns and predispositions. Generally, researchers have profited from the development of narrow and focused individual differences including differences across shopping motives. At the same time, in the personality literature, the Five Factor Model has emerged as an important taxonomy of global personality traits This paper relates shopping motives to the Five Factor Model and thereby enriches our understanding of individual differences at both the global and domain-specific levels and advances the integration of models of consumers' behavior with emerging scholarship and theory on personality.

scholarly journals Serendipity as chaos or discovery – exploring the role of personality and sense of coherence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannica Heinström ◽  
◽  
Eero Sormunen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Cognitive Experience ◽  
Research Gap

Introduction. Individual differences have long been said to influence serendipity. Empirically, however, robust evidence is lacking for this connection. This study addressed this research gap by linking serendipity to personality traits and sense of coherence. Method. Data from 140 respondents was collected by an online survey. The survey measured the five-factor model personality traits, sense of coherence and serendipitously found useful and interesting information. Analysis. The data was analysed by a general linear model regression analysis. Results. Only 7% of variance of serendipity/usefulness and 10% of serendipity/interest could be explained by personality and sense of coherence. Usefulness was linked to sense of coherence (low comprehensibility), while interest was linked to personality (extraversion, agreeableness and low negative emotionality). Conclusions. Individual differences in serendipity was found both related to a negative cognitive experience of information chaos and a positive affective-behavioural experience of discovery. Lack of control over the information flow could lead to a sense that acquisition of useful information is governed by chance rather than conscious efforts. Activity, social connectedness and positive emotionality, in turn, would increase the likelihood to discover interesting information.

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