scholarly journals Do voices carry valid information about a speaker's personality?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Stern ◽  
Christoph Schild ◽  
Benedict C Jones ◽  
Lisa Marie DeBruine ◽  
Amanda Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Valid Information

Research on links between peoples’ personality traits and their voices has primarily focused on other peoples’ personality judgments about a target person based on a target person’s vocal characteristics, particularly voice pitch. However, it remains unclear whether individual differences in voices are linked to actual individual differences in personality traits, and thus whether vocal characteristics are indeed valid cues to personality. Here, we investigate how the personality traits of the Five Factor Model of Personality, sociosexuality, and dominance are related to measured fundamental frequency (voice pitch) and formant frequencies (formant position). For this purpose, we conducted a secondary data analysis of a large sample (2,217 participants) from eleven different, independent datasets with a Bayesian approach. Results suggest substantial negative relationships between voice pitch and self-reported sociosexuality, dominance and extraversion in men and women. Thus, personality might at least partly be expressed in people’s voice pitch. Evidence for an association between formant frequencies and self-reported personality traits is not compelling but remains uncertain. We discuss potential underlying biological mechanisms of our effects and suggest a number of implications for future research.

scholarly journals The hierarchical structure of error-related negativities elicited from affective and social stimuli and their relations to personality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
K. D. Novak ◽  
B. Ait Oumeziane ◽  
D. Foti ◽  
D. B. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses

Abstract Psychophysiological measures have become increasingly accessible to researchers and many have properties that indicate their use as individual difference indicators. For example, the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential (ERP) thought to reflect error-monitoring processes, has been related to individual differences, such as Neuroticism and Conscientiousness traits. Although various tasks have been used to elicit the ERN, only a few studies have investigated its variability across tasks when examining the relations between the ERN and personality traits. In this project, we examined the relations of the ERN elicited from four variants of the Flanker task (Arrow, Social, Unpleasant, and Pleasant) that were created to maximize the differences in their relevance to personality traits. A sample of 93 participants with a history of treatment for psychopathology completed the four tasks as well as self-report measures of the general and maladaptive five-factor model (FFM) traits. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of ERN amplitudes indicated that three of the four tasks (Arrow, Social, and Unpleasant) were unidimensional. Another set of CFAs indicated that a general factor underlies the ERN elicited from all tasks as well as unique task-specific variances. The correlations of estimated latent ERN scores and personality traits did not reflect the hypothesized correlation patterns. Variability across tasks and the hierarchical model of the ERN may aid in understanding psychopathology dimensions and in informing future endeavors integrating the psychophysiological methods into the study of personality. Recommendations for future research on psychophysiological indicators as individual differences are discussed.

scholarly journals An fMRI investigation of the relations between Extraversion, internalizing psychopathology, and neural activation following reward receipt in the Human Connectome Project sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland S. Hyatt ◽  
Emily S. Hallowell ◽  
Max M. Owens ◽  
Brandon M. Weiss ◽  
Lawrence H. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Quantitative models of psychopathology (i.e., HiTOP) propose that personality and psychopathology are intertwined, such that the various processes that characterize personality traits may be useful in describing and predicting manifestations of psychopathology. In the current study, we used data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1050) to investigate neural activation following receipt of a reward during an fMRI task as one shared mechanism that may be related to the personality trait Extraversion (specifically its sub-component Agentic Extraversion) and internalizing psychopathology. We also conducted exploratory analyses on the links between neural activation following reward receipt and the other Five-Factor Model personality traits, as well as separate analyses by gender. No significant relations (p < .005) were observed between any personality trait or index of psychopathology and neural activation following reward receipt, and most effect sizes were null to very small in nature (i.e., r < |.05|). We conclude by discussing the appropriate interpretation of these null findings, and provide suggestions for future research that spans psychological and neurobiological levels of analysis.

scholarly journals Using the 16PF to Test the Differentiation of Personality by Intelligence Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Georg Krammer ◽  
Richard D. Goffin ◽  
Michael D. Biderman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Personality Measure ◽  
G Factor ◽  
Configural Invariance ◽  
Job Candidates

The differentiation of personality by intelligence hypothesis suggests that there will be greater individual differences in personality traits for those individuals who are more intelligent. Conversely, less intelligent individuals will be more similar to each other in their personality traits. The hypothesis was tested with a large sample of managerial job candidates who completed an omnibus personality measure with 16 scales and five intelligence measures (used to generate an intelligence g-factor). Based on the g-factor composite, the sample was split using the median to conduct factor analyses within each half. A five-factor model was tested for both the lower and higher intelligence halves and were found to have configural invariance but not metric or scalar invariance. In general, the results provide little support for the differentiation hypothesis as there was no clear and consistent pattern of lower inter-scale correlations for the more intelligent individuals.

scholarly journals Relationship of Values and Personality Traits in Malaysian College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazni Mustapha ◽  
Michael E. Hyland
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Learning Institutions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Negative Relationships

The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationships between personality traits and value importance amongst students at tertiary level of education in Malaysia. Two thousands and ninety students from various government and semi-government's higher learning institutions participated in this study. The Schwartz’s Short Value Scale (adapted version by Lindeman & Verkasaloo, 2005) was used as a measurement tool for value importance. All of 10 universal values i.e. Power, Hedonism, Self-direction, Stimulation, Achievement, Benevolence, Universalism, Tradition, Conformity, and Security as proposed by Schwartz (1992), were rated on the extent to which they act as “guiding principle of life”. Two underlying structures of values were identified as Conservation and Self-Transcendence. Personality traits were based on the five factor model of personality, i.e. Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, measured through The Big Five Inventory by John, Donahue, and Kentle (1991). Results showed that Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were positively correlated with both Conservation and Self-Transcendence values. Whilst, Openness showed negative relationships with both types of values, and Neuroticism correlated negatively with Self-Transcendence values. 

scholarly journals Quantifying the Predictive Role of Temperament Dimensions and Attachment Styles on the Five Factor Model of Personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Efrat Barel ◽  
Yonathan Mizrachi ◽  
Maayan Nachmani
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report

Background: The present study investigated the role of temperament and attachment security in predicting individual differences in the five factor personality traits among adults. As previous studies suggested the potential moderating role of attachment in the association between temperament and personality traits, the present study sought to examine an interactionist model combining attachment and temperament in explaining individual differences in personality traits. Methods: A sample of 1871 participants (1151 women and 719 men) completed self-report measures of adult attachment style (the Relationships Questionnaire—RQ), temperament dimension (the Fisher Temperament Inventory—FTI), and personality domain (the Five Factor Model—FFM). Results: Partial correlational analyses revealed associations between attachment security and each of the five domains of the FFM, and few associations between some temperament dimensions and several domains of the FFM. Moderated regression analyses showed that attachment security moderated the associations between temperament dimensions and the Agreeableness domain of the FFM. Among secure individuals, those with higher scores on the Curious/Energetic, Cautious/Social Norm Compliant and Prosocial/Empathetic scales exhibited higher Agreeableness scores, whereas among insecure individuals, those with higher scores on the Analytic/Tough-minded scale exhibited lower scores on the Agreeableness scale. Conclusion: Overall, the current study provides evidence in support of the substantive role of social-environmental factors (Adult Attachment) as a moderating element bridging temperament-related personality elements and a number of their FFM manifestations.

Individual Differences and Mindfulness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Alfons Karl ◽  
Ronald Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Stimuli

What makes some people more mindful than others? Previous research has indicated that dispositional mindfulness is related to both the five factor model (FFM) and the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST). However, previous research has examined those associations in isolation. We examined the unique effects of RST and the FFM on mindfulness in a sample 399 participants. Overall, we found the individual facets of mindfulness were differentially correlated with RST and FFM dimensions. Specifically, RST (BIS) and FFM (Neuroticism) dimensions that draw attention to external stimuli negatively correlated with mindfulness except for Observing. In contrast, FFM dimensions Openness and Conscientiousness correlated positively with mindfulness, suggesting a pattern where individuals routinely allocate attention to internal stimuli (being mindful) in order to explore (Openness) or to regulate these experiences (Conscientiousness). Our findings provide new insights into the underlying individual difference structure of being mindfulness and implies that mindfulness may not be a unitary construct. We suggest that future research should investigate mindfulness correlates at the facet level instead of the higher level of overall mindfulness.

The Five Factor Model of Personality in Business and Industry

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Siebert ◽  
David S. DeGeest
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Unrealistic Expectations

Personality traits have played a central role in industrial/organizational psychology, human resource management, and organizational behavior, the key fields in the application of psychology to business and industry. In the early years, excessive optimism led scholars to unrealistic expectations about the value of personality traits at work. This was followed by a period of profound pessimism regarding the value of personality as an explanatory variable when the unrealistic expectations were inevitably disappointed. More recently, advances in theory and methodology have led scholars to re-examine the role of personality with more realistic expectations. The Five Factor Model (FFM) has predominated as an integrative personality structure for conceptualizing and researching the relationship of personality to workplace outcomes. Five specific domains of research are considered herein: personnel selection; employee motivation, attitudes, and behavior; leadership; teams; and entrepreneurship. The chapter ends with open questions for future research in this domain.

scholarly journals Extreme Personalities at Work and in Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T. Carter ◽  
Joshua D. Miller ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Major Implication ◽  
Desirable Trait

Contemporary personality taxonomies cast personality traits as ranging from the maladaptive (e.g., low conscientiousness) to adaptive (e.g., high conscientiousness) levels. Despite philosophical and conventional wisdom dating back to the ancients, researchers have only recently begun to uncover evidence that extreme standing on “normal” or “desirable” personality traits might be maladaptive. Here, we present an emerging perspective on why and how extreme standing on “desirable” trait continua translates into maladaptive behavior and undesirable outcomes at work and in life. An overview of the literature on the topic is presented for each trait within the five-factor model. We suggest two reasons for the lack of clarity in the empirical literature: (a) problems with statistical tests resulting from measurement error and (b) lack of breadth in the conceptualization and measurement of personality traits. We suggest that a solution to this problem is to extend trait continua to reflect maladaptive levels at both ends. We close by pointing out that a major implication of this emerging perspective indicates that many more people possess optimal personality-trait levels than previously thought and that future research needs to examine whether the question is consistent with evolutionary and neurophysiological accounts of personality science.

scholarly journals Two of a kind or distant relatives? A multimethod investigation of the overlap between personality traits and character strengths

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willibald Ruch ◽  
Valentina Vylobkova ◽  
Sonja Heintz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised ◽  
Personality Facets

Allport’s (1927) distinction of personality devaluated (personality) and personality evaluated (character) can still be found in today’s psychological landscape. The present study compares the Five-Factor Model of personality and the VIA-classification of character strengths across two methods (self- and peer-reports) and across two levels of abstraction (domains/factors and scales/facets). A sample of 152 participants and 152 peer-raters completed the NEO-Personality Inventory Revised and the VIA Inventory of Strength. Personality and character were found to strongly overlap, yet the different operationalizations were rarely redundant (except for 3 personality facets). Multitrait-multimethod analyses mostly supported the convergent and discriminant validity of personality and character. Interpersonal strengths (e.g., teamwork) and abstract character factors lacked discriminant validity to personality facets. The present investigation contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between personality and character and provides an impetus for future research on the “virtue gap” between devaluated and evaluated personality traits.

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