The Direction of Affective Priming as a Function of Trait Anxiety When Naming Target Words With Regular and Irregular Pronunciation

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Berner ◽  
Markus A. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Negative Affective Priming ◽  
Whole Word ◽  
German Data ◽  
Target Words

Abstract. Results from an affective priming experiment confirm the previously reported influence of trait anxiety on the direction of affective priming in the naming task ( Maier, Berner, & Pekrun, 2003 ): On trials in which extremely valenced primes appeared, positive affective priming reversed into negative affective priming with increasing levels of trait anxiety. Using valenced target words with irregular pronunciation did not have the expected effect of increasing the extent to which semantic processes play a role in naming, as affective priming effects were not stronger for irregular targets than for regular targets. This suggests the predominant operation of a whole-word nonsemantic pathway in reading aloud in German. Data from neutral priming trials hint at the possibility that negative affective priming in participants high in trait anxiety is due to inhibition of congruent targets.

Directionality of Affective Priming: Effects of Trait Anxiety and Activation Level

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus A. Maier ◽  
Michael P. Berner ◽  
Reinhard Pekrun
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Multiple Priming

Abstract. Among the most influential models of automatic affective processing is the spreading activation account ( Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, & Kardes, 1986 ). However, investigations of this model by different research groups using the pronunciation task in an affective priming paradigm yielded contradictory results. Whereas one research group reported congruency effects, another obtained reversed priming effects (contrast effects), and still another found null effects. In Experiment 1, we were able to show an influence of trait anxiety on the direction of the affective priming effect. By using a multiple priming paradigm in Experiment 2, we were able to link the occurrence of reversed priming effects to increased levels of activation of affective representations. We propose that this relation might underlie the influence of trait anxiety on the direction of affective priming effects. Both experiments indicate that automatic evaluation in an affective network is substantially moderated by personality traits and activation level.

Investigating the Mechanisms Underlying Affective Priming Effects Using a Conditional Pronunciation Task

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pecchinenda ◽  
Christiane Ganteaume ◽  
Rainer Banse
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Target Words

Recently, using a conditional pronunciation task, De Houwer and Randell (2004) reported evidence of affective priming effects only when pronunciation depended on the semantic category of targets. Although these findings support the notion that spreading of activation is the mechanism underlying affective priming effects, an explanation in terms of postlexical mechanism could not be ruled out. To clarify this point, we conducted two experiments in which nouns for both the to‐be‐pronounced as well as the not‐to‐be pronounced targets were used and all stimuli were affectively valenced words. In Experiment 1, the to‐be‐pronounced targets were object‐words, and the not‐to‐be‐pronounced targets were person‐words, whereas in Experiment 2, the instructions were reversed. Results of experiment 1 showed affective priming effects only when pronunciation of target words was conditional upon their semantic category. Most importantly, affective priming effects were observed for both object‐words (Experiment 1) and person‐words (Experiment 2). These results are compatible with a spreading activation account, but not with a postlexical mechanism account of affective priming effects in the pronunciation task.

Do You Name Speedy Objects Faster Than Slow Objects: SPEEDED NAMING OR NAMING SPEED? THE AUTOMATIC EFFECT OF OBJECT SPEED ON PERFORMANCE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Shay Ben-Haim ◽  
Eran Chajut ◽  
Ran Hassin ◽  
Daniel Algom
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Naming Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Pictures And Words

we test the hypothesis that naming an object depicted in a picture, and reading aloud an object’s name, are affected by the object’s speed. We contend that the mental representations of everyday objects and situations include their speed, and that the latter influences behavior in instantaneous and systematic ways. An important corollary is that high-speed objects are named faster than low-speed objects despite the fact that object speed is irrelevant to the naming task at hand. The results of a series of 7 studies with pictures and words support these predictions.

Lateralized affective priming of lateralized affectively valued target words

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Brody ◽  
Steve E. Goodman ◽  
Ethan Halm ◽  
Stephen Krinzman ◽  
Marc M. Sebrechts
Keyword(s):  
Affective Priming ◽  
Target Words

scholarly journals Exploring Affective Priming Effect of Emotion-Label Words and Emotion-Laden Words: An Event-Related Potential Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Chenggang Wu ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Zhen Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Emotion Label ◽  
Target Words

In order to explore the affective priming effect of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words, the current study used unmasked (Experiment 1) and masked (Experiment 2) priming paradigm by including emotion-label words (e.g., sadness, anger) and emotion-laden words (e.g., death, gift) as primes and examined how the two kinds of words acted upon the processing of the target words (all emotion-laden words). Participants were instructed to decide the valence of target words, and their electroencephalogram was recorded at the same time. The behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) results showed that positive words produced a priming effect whereas negative words inhibited target word processing (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the inhibition effect of negative emotion-label words on emotion word recognition was found in both behavioral and ERP results, suggesting that modulation of emotion word type on emotion word processing could be observed even in the masked priming paradigm. The two experiments further supported the necessity of defining emotion words under an emotion word type perspective. The implications of the findings are proffered. Specifically, a clear understanding of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words can improve the effectiveness of emotional communications in clinical settings. Theoretically, the emotion word type perspective awaits further explorations and is still at its infancy.

Age-related effects in compound production: Evidence from a double-object picture naming task

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1667-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Lorenz ◽  
Pienie Zwitserlood ◽  
Stefanie Regel ◽  
Rasha Abdel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Double Object ◽  
Processing Load ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Whole Word

This study investigated effects of healthy ageing and of non-verbal attentional control on speech production. Young and older speakers participated in a picture-word interference (PWI) task with compound targets. To increase the processing load, the two pictures of the compounds’ constituents were presented side-by-side for spoken naming (e.g., a picture of a sun + a picture of a flower to be named with sunflower). Written distractors either corresponded to the first or second constituent ( sun or flower → sunflower), or were semantically related either to the first constituent of the target ( moon → sunflower) or to the second constituent/whole word ( tulip → sunflower). Morpho-phonological facilitation was obtained for both constituents, whereas semantic interference was restricted to first-constituent-related semantic distractors. Furthermore, a trend towards facilitation was obtained for distractors that were semantically related to the whole word. Older speakers were slower and produced more errors than young speakers. While morphological effects of first-constituent distractors were stronger for the elderly, the semantic effects were not affected by age. Non-verbal attentional control processes, measured in the Simon task, significantly contributed to morpho-phonological priming in the elderly, but they did not affect semantic interference or semantic facilitation. With a picture naming task that increases the semantic and lexical processing load, we corroborate earlier evidence that word-finding difficulties in the elderly result from deficient phonological encoding, whereas lexical-semantic and morpho-phonological representations remain stable with age.

Nonconscious Perception, Where are You?

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 1243-1250
Author(s):  
Janet D. Larsen ◽  
Cheryl K. Yatsko ◽  
Bonnie McCulley ◽  
Thomas Fritsch
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Word Naming ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Nonconscious Perception

In three studies, no evidence of nonconscious perception was found, although general procedures used in previous studies reporting the effect were followed. Presence/absence thresholds (Exps. 1 and 2) or recognition threshold (Exp. 3) were established for each subject. There was no difference in the effects of related and unrelated primes on voice reaction time during a word naming task. These findings raise questions about the robustness of nonconscious priming effects.

scholarly journals Retrieving L2 word stress from orthography: Evidence from word naming and cross-modal priming

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-442
Author(s):  
Amanda Post da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Mixed List ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Word Naming ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Moderate Frequency ◽  
Lexical Perception ◽  
Target Words

In this paper we investigated how L1 word stress affects L2 word naming for cognates and non-cognates in two lexical stress languages, Brazilian Portuguese (BP, L1) and American English (AE, L2). In Experiment 1,  BP-AE bilinguals named a mixed list of disyllabic moderate frequency words in L1 (Portuguese) and L2 (English). In Experiment 2, Portuguese-English bilinguals named English (L2) disyllabic target words presented simultaneously with auditory Portuguese (L1) disyllabic primes. It is concluded that word stress has a task-dependent role to play in bilingual word naming and must be incorporated in bilingual models of lexical production and lexical perception and reading aloud models.

Cross-language mediated priming: Effects of context and lexical relationship

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA I. SCHWARTZ ◽  
ANA B. ARÊAS DA LUZ FONTES
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Context ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Word Condition ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Lexical Activation ◽  
Word Context ◽  
Mediated Priming ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Target Words

We examined how linguistic context influences the nature of bilingual lexical activation. We hypothesized that in single-word context, form-related words would receive the strongest activation while, in sentence context, semantically related words would receive the strongest activation. Spanish–English bilinguals performed a semantic verification task on English target words preceded by a prime. On critical trials, the prime and target words were paired based either on a form-mediated relationship through the native language (L1), [e.g., bark (barco): BOAT] (Experiment 1) or on a semantically-mediated relationship [e.g., boat (barco): BARK] (Experiment 2). The prime word was presented either in isolation or after a sentence context. In Experiment 1 interference was observed in the single word condition only. In Experiment 2 interference was observed in both single-word and sentence contexts. The findings demonstrate that the context in which words are embedded has an impact on the type of lexical competitors that become active.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document