Lateralized affective priming of lateralized affectively valued target words

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Brody ◽  
Steve E. Goodman ◽  
Ethan Halm ◽  
Stephen Krinzman ◽  
Marc M. Sebrechts
Keyword(s):  
Affective Priming ◽  
Target Words

The Direction of Affective Priming as a Function of Trait Anxiety When Naming Target Words With Regular and Irregular Pronunciation

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Berner ◽  
Markus A. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Negative Affective Priming ◽  
Whole Word ◽  
German Data ◽  
Target Words

Abstract. Results from an affective priming experiment confirm the previously reported influence of trait anxiety on the direction of affective priming in the naming task ( Maier, Berner, & Pekrun, 2003 ): On trials in which extremely valenced primes appeared, positive affective priming reversed into negative affective priming with increasing levels of trait anxiety. Using valenced target words with irregular pronunciation did not have the expected effect of increasing the extent to which semantic processes play a role in naming, as affective priming effects were not stronger for irregular targets than for regular targets. This suggests the predominant operation of a whole-word nonsemantic pathway in reading aloud in German. Data from neutral priming trials hint at the possibility that negative affective priming in participants high in trait anxiety is due to inhibition of congruent targets.

scholarly journals Exploring Affective Priming Effect of Emotion-Label Words and Emotion-Laden Words: An Event-Related Potential Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Chenggang Wu ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Zhen Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Emotion Label ◽  
Target Words

In order to explore the affective priming effect of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words, the current study used unmasked (Experiment 1) and masked (Experiment 2) priming paradigm by including emotion-label words (e.g., sadness, anger) and emotion-laden words (e.g., death, gift) as primes and examined how the two kinds of words acted upon the processing of the target words (all emotion-laden words). Participants were instructed to decide the valence of target words, and their electroencephalogram was recorded at the same time. The behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) results showed that positive words produced a priming effect whereas negative words inhibited target word processing (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the inhibition effect of negative emotion-label words on emotion word recognition was found in both behavioral and ERP results, suggesting that modulation of emotion word type on emotion word processing could be observed even in the masked priming paradigm. The two experiments further supported the necessity of defining emotion words under an emotion word type perspective. The implications of the findings are proffered. Specifically, a clear understanding of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words can improve the effectiveness of emotional communications in clinical settings. Theoretically, the emotion word type perspective awaits further explorations and is still at its infancy.

scholarly journals Diffusion Model-based Understanding of Unconscious Affective Priming in Continuous Flash Suppression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minchul Kim ◽  
Jeeyeon Kim ◽  
Jaejoong Kim ◽  
Bumseok Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Drift Rate ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Model Based ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Target Words

Abstract Affective states influence our decisions even when processed unconsciously. Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is a new variant of binocular rivalry that can be used to render the prime invisible and thus unconscious. Nonetheless, it is unclear how prior information from emotional faces provided by CFS influences subsequent decision making. Here, we employed the CFS priming task to examine the effect of nonconscious information on the evaluation of target words as either positive or negative. The hierarchical diffusion model was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Two experiments were performed to investigate the effects of facial identity and facial expression. As a result, a significant affective priming effect on response time was observed only for angry faces but not happy and neutral faces. The results of diffusion model analyses revealed that both the drift rate and nondecisional process are accountable for the ‘positive bias’ - the processing advantage of positive over negative stimuli. Priming effects of facial identity were mapped onto the drift rate and eliminated ‘positive bias’. Meanwhile, positive emotional faces increased the nondecision time with negative target words. The model-based analysis implies that both facial identity and emotion are processed under CFS.

scholarly journals Reduced Sensitivity of Older Adults to Affective Mismatches

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jiang ◽  
Victoria Vagnini ◽  
Jessica Clark ◽  
Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Target Pair ◽  
Repetition Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Positive And Negative Valence ◽  
Emotional Stroop Effect ◽  
Prime Target ◽  
Target Words

The present study investigated age-related differences in emotional processing by using a paradigm of affective priming. Eighteen, right-handed, younger (mean age 22) and 15 older (mean age 68) subjects pressed buttons to indicate pleasantness of target words. The valence of each prime-target pair was congruent (e.g., win-love), incongruent (e.g., love-loss), or neutral (time-flower). Two sets of 720 prime-target pairs used either affective words or pictures as primes, and affect words as targets. We included well-matched positive and negative valence pairs in all congruent, neutral, and incongruent conditions, and controlled for possible contamination by semantic meaning, word frequency, and repetition effects. The response time (RT) results revealed that young participants responded faster to the targets in affectively congruent conditions than in incongruent conditions. In older participants, the responses to target words were indifferent to all valence congruency conditions. The age effect in affective priming largely reflects reduced sensitivity to affective mismatches among older adults. Intriguingly, emotional Stroop effect and some perceptual priming have been linked to increased interferences and mismatches in older adults. The age-related changes in affective, perceptual, and semantic processes are discussed.

Musical Chords as Affective Priming Context in a Word-Evaluation Task

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Sollberge ◽  
Rolf Rebe ◽  
Doris Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Negative Word ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Affective Tone ◽  
Evaluation Task ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Music And Affect ◽  
Musical Chords ◽  
Musical Elements ◽  
Target Words

Using an affective priming paradigm, we demonstrated that the affective tone of musical chords influences the evaluation of target words. In Experiment 1, participants heard either consonant chords with three tones or dissonant chords with four tones as primes and then saw a positive or a negative word as target. Even participants who were unaware of the hypothesis of the experiment evaluated target words faster if the words were preceded by a similarly valenced chord (e.g., consonant-holiday) as compared to affectively incongruent chord-word pairs (e.g. dissonanthumor). In Experiment 2, results of Experiment 1 were replicated even when chord density was held constant at three tones per chord. Results suggest that the affective tone of single musical elements is automatically extracted and might therefore be viewed as a basic process contributing to the strong connection between music and affect.

scholarly journals Affective Priming With Musical Chords is Influenced by Pitch Numerosity

2020 ◽  
pp. 102986492091112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Lahdelma ◽  
James Armitage ◽  
Tuomas Eerola
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Musical Chords ◽  
Negative Target ◽  
Target Words

Previous studies using an affective priming paradigm have shown that valenced chords (e.g., consonant–positive; dissonant–negative) facilitate the evaluation of similarly valenced target words. The role of numerosity (the total number of pitches in a chord) and timbre has not yet been systematically investigated in previous priming studies using consonant/dissonant chords. An experiment was conducted in which 40 participants evaluated positive and negative target words with consonant/dissonant chords used as affective primes. Eight distinct chords (four consonant and four dissonant) were used as primes; the consonant and dissonant chords were equally divided to comprise either two (i.e., interval) or four (i.e., tetrad) pitches. Each chord was played with two distinct timbres (piano and harmonium), resulting in a total of 16 chords. Results showed that congruent chord–word pairings resulted in faster reaction times, and this finding was in line with previous research using consonant/dissonant chords as primes. However, this effect was present only with tetrad chords, suggesting that numerosity influences affective priming done with chords. There were no significant effects of timbre or the musical sophistication of the participants. Arguments are made as to why higher pitch numerosity in chords (resulting in acoustic complexity) might influence the evaluation of valenced target words.

Investigating the Mechanisms Underlying Affective Priming Effects Using a Conditional Pronunciation Task

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pecchinenda ◽  
Christiane Ganteaume ◽  
Rainer Banse
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Target Words

Recently, using a conditional pronunciation task, De Houwer and Randell (2004) reported evidence of affective priming effects only when pronunciation depended on the semantic category of targets. Although these findings support the notion that spreading of activation is the mechanism underlying affective priming effects, an explanation in terms of postlexical mechanism could not be ruled out. To clarify this point, we conducted two experiments in which nouns for both the to‐be‐pronounced as well as the not‐to‐be pronounced targets were used and all stimuli were affectively valenced words. In Experiment 1, the to‐be‐pronounced targets were object‐words, and the not‐to‐be‐pronounced targets were person‐words, whereas in Experiment 2, the instructions were reversed. Results of experiment 1 showed affective priming effects only when pronunciation of target words was conditional upon their semantic category. Most importantly, affective priming effects were observed for both object‐words (Experiment 1) and person‐words (Experiment 2). These results are compatible with a spreading activation account, but not with a postlexical mechanism account of affective priming effects in the pronunciation task.

Structural Aspects of Phonological Development

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Pollock ◽  
Richard G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Syllabic Structure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Aspects ◽  
Target Words

The relationship between syllabic structure and segmental development was examined longitudinally in a child with a severe phonological disorder. Six speech samples were collected over a 4-year period (3:5 to 7:3). Analyses revealed gradual increases in the complexity and diversity of the syllable structures produced, and positional preferences for sounds within these forms. With a strong preference for [d] and [n] at the beginning of syllables, other consonants appeared first at the end of syllables. Implications for clinical management of phonological disorders include the need to consider both structural position and structural complexity in assessing segmental skills and in choosing target words for intervention.

Reactivity of Judgments of Learning in a Levels-of-Processing Paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eylul Tekin ◽  
Henry L. Roediger
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Levels Of Processing ◽  
Pleasantness Rating ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Counting Task ◽  
Reactive Effect ◽  
Target Words

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that judgments of learning (JOLs) are reactive measures in paired-associate learning paradigms. However, evidence is scarce concerning whether JOLs are reactive in other paradigms. In old/new recognition experiments, we investigated the reactivity effects of JOLs in a levels-of-processing (LOP) paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2, for each word, subjects saw a yes/no orienting question followed by the target word and a response. Then, they either did or did not make a JOL. The yes/no questions were about target words’ appearances, rhyming properties, or category memberships. In Experiment 3, for each word, subjects gave a pleasantness rating or counted the letter “e ”. Our results revealed that JOLs enhanced recognition across all orienting tasks in Experiments 1 and 2, and for the e-counting task in Experiment 3. This reactive effect was salient for shallow tasks, attenuating – but not eliminating – the LOP effect after making JOLs. We conclude that JOLs are reactive in LOP paradigms and subjects encode words more effectively when providing JOLs.

Generation and Associative Encoding in Young and Old Adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Taconnat ◽  
Charlotte Froger ◽  
Mathilde Sacher ◽  
Michel Isingrini
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Generation Effect ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Target Words

Abstract. The generation effect (i.e., better recall of the generated items than the read items) was investigated with a between-list design in young and elderly participants. The generation task difficulty was manipulated by varying the strength of association between cues and targets. Overall, strong associates were better recalled than weak associates. However, the results showed different generation effect patterns according to strength of association and age, with a greater generation effect for weak associates in younger adults only. These findings suggest that generating weak associates leads to more elaborated encoding, but that elderly adults cannot use this elaborated encoding as well as younger adults to recall the target words at test.

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