Emotion-Induced Impairments in Speeded Word Recognition Tasks

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Zeelenberg ◽  
Bruno R. Bocanegra ◽  
Diane Pecher
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Nonword Naming

Recent studies show that emotional stimuli impair the identification of subsequently presented, briefly flashed stimuli. In the present study, we investigated whether emotional distractors (primes) impaired target processing when presentation of the target stimulus was not impoverished. In lexical decision, animacy decision, rhyme decision, and nonword naming, targets were presented in such a manner that they were clearly visible (i.e., targets were not masked and presented until participants responded). In all tasks taboo-sexual distractors caused a slowdown in responding to the subsequent neutral target. Our results indicate that the detrimental effects of emotional distractors are not confined to paradigms in which visibility of the target is limited. Moreover, impairments were obtained even when semantic processing of stimuli was not required.

scholarly journals A Computational Model of Normal and Impaired Lexical Decision: Graded Semantic Effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ning Chang ◽  
Steve Furber ◽  
Matthew Lambon Ralph ◽  
Stephen Welbourne
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Pure Alexia ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractLexical decision is an important paradigm in studies of visual word recognition yet the underlying mechanisms supporting the activity are not well understood. While most models of visual word recognition focus on orthographic processing as the primary locus of the lexical decision, a number of behavioural studies have suggested a flexible role for semantic processing regulated by the similarity of the nonword foil to real words. Here we developed a computational model that interactively combines visual-orthographic, phonological and semantic processing to perform lexical decisions. Importantly, the model was able to differentiate words from nonwords by dynamically integrating measures of polarity across the key processing layers. The model was more reliant on semantic information when nonword foils were pseudowords as opposed to consonant strings. Moreover, the model was able to capture a range of standard reading effects in lexical decision. Damage to the model also resulted in reading patterns observed in patients with pure alexia, phonological dyslexia, and semantic dementia, demonstrating for the first time that both normal and neurologically-impaired lexical decision can be addressed in a connectionist computational model of reading.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Prepotent task-irrelevant semantic information is dampened by domain-specific control mechanisms during visual word recognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110308
Author(s):  
Simone Sulpizio ◽  
Remo Job ◽  
Paolo Leoni ◽  
Michele Scaltritti
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Task Irrelevant

We investigated whether semantic interference occurring during visual word recognition is resolved using domain-general control mechanism or using more specific mechanisms related to semantic processing. We asked participants to perform a lexical decision task with taboo stimuli, which induce semantic interference, as well as well as a semantic Stroop task and a Simon task, intended as benchmarks of linguistic-semantic and non-linguistic interference, respectively. Using a correlational approach, we investigated potential similarities between effects produced in the three tasks, both at the level of overall means and as a function of response speed (delta-plot analysis). Correlations selectively surfaced between the lexical decision and the semantic Stroop task. These findings suggest that, during visual word recognition, semantic interference is controlled by semantic-specific mechanisms, which intervene to face prepotent but task-irrelevant semantic information interfering with the accomplishment of the task's goal.

Morpho-semantic processing in Chinese word recognition: An ERP study

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Simin ZHAO ◽  
Yan WU ◽  
Tianhong LI ◽  
Qingtong GUO
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Chinese Word

scholarly journals Spoken word recognition with gender-marked context

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Spinelli ◽  
Fanny Meunier ◽  
Alix Seigneuric
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Phonological Priming ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Gender Information

In a cross-modal (auditory-visual) fragment priming study in French, we tested the hypothesis that gender information given by a gender-marked article (e.g. unmasculine or unefeminine) is used early in the recognition of the following word to discard gender-incongruent competitors. In four experiments, we compared lexical decision performances on targets primed by phonological information only (e.g. /kRa/-CRAPAUD /kRapo/; /to/-TOAD) or by phonological plus gender information given by a gender-marked article (e.g. unmasculine /kra/-CRAPAUD; a /to/-TOAD). In all experiments, we found a phonological priming effect that was not modulated by the presence of gender context, whether gender-marked articles were congruent (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) or incongruent (Experiment 4) with the target gender. Moreover, phonological facilitation was not modulated by the presence of gender context, whether gender-marked articles allowed exclusion of less frequent competitors (Experiment 1) or more frequent ones (Experiments 2 and 3). We concluded that gender information extracted from a preceding gender-marked determiner is not used early in the process of spoken word recognition and that it may be used in a later selection process.

Homography and Polysemy as Factors in Bilingual Word Recognition

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Klein ◽  
Estelle Ann Doctor
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Lexical Decisions ◽  
Interlingual Homographs ◽  
Decision Times

This study reports an experiment which examines semantic representation in lexical decisions as a source of interconnection between words in bilingual memory. Lexical decision times were compared for interlingual polysemes such as HAND which share spelling and meaning in both languages, and interlingual homographs such as KIND which share spelling but not meaning. The main result was faster “response times for polysemes than for interlingual homographs. Current theories of monolingual word recognition and bilingual semantic representation are discussed, and the findings are accommodated within the model of bilingual word recognition proposed by Doctor and Klein.

Visual recognition of cognates and interlingual homographs in two non-native languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjiao Zhu ◽  
Peggy Pik Ki Mok
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Interlingual Homographs

Abstract Previous studies on bilingual visual word recognition have been mainly based on European participants, while less is understood about Asian populations. In this study, the recognition of German-English cognates and interlingual homographs in lexical decision tasks was examined in the two non-native languages of Cantonese-English-German trilinguals. In the L2 English task, cognates were reacted to faster and more accurately than their matched non-cognates, while in the equivalent L3 German task, no cognate facilitation effect was found. However, cognate facilitation effects on response time and accuracy were observed in another L3 German task including cognates and interlingual homographs. The study suggests that Asian trilinguals access L2 and L3 in a language non-selective manner, despite their low proficiency in the recently acquired L3. Meanwhile, lexical processing in a non-proficient L3 is to a great extent affected by multiple contextual factors.

scholarly journals ERP Evidence for a Sex-Specific Stroop Effect in Emotional Speech

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annett Schirmer ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Emotional Prosody ◽  
Emotional Speech ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Task Irrelevant

The present study investigated the interaction of emotional prosody and word valence during emotional comprehension in men and women. In a prosody-word interference task, participants listened to positive, neutral, and negative words that were spoken with a happy, neutral, and angry prosody. Participants were asked to rate word valence while ignoring emotional prosody, or vice versa. Congruent stimuli were responded faster and more accurately as compared to incongruent emotional stimuli. This behavioral effect was more salient for the word valence task than for the prosodic task and was comparable between men and women. The event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed a smaller N400 amplitude for congruent as compared to emotionally incongruent stimuli. This ERP effect, however, was significant only for the word valence judgment and only for female listeners. The present data suggest that the word valence judgment was more difficult and more easily influenced by task-irrelevant emotional information than the prosodic task in both men and women. Furthermore, although emotional prosody and word valence may have a similar influence on an emotional judgment in both sexes, ERPs indicate sex differences in the underlying processing. Women, but not men, show an interaction between prosody and word valence during a semantic processing stage.

scholarly journals Emotion-Involved Semantic Processing and L2 Vocabulary Memory: A Micro-Level Emotion Manifesto

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Yu Kanazawa ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Foreign Language Anxiety ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

Emotion is a pervasive phenomenon whose pivotal impacts on cognition have been proposed and increasingly acknowledged (e.g., operator effect and “(de-)energizing” effect; cf. Ciompi & Panksepp, 2005; Damasio, 2003; LeDoux, 2012). In accordance with this, second language acquisition (SLA) studies have recently seen an “affective turn” (Pavlenko, 2013) and several theories have been proposed and studies conducted concerning the effect of affect in SLA from such perspectives as motivation (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011), foreign language anxiety/enjoyment (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2016), Directed Motivational Currents (Dörnyei, Henry, & Muir, 2016), and emotional intelligence (Gregersen & MacIntyre, 2017; Kanazawa, 2016b). The purpose of the experiments was to examine whether emotion-involved semantic processing (EmInvSemProc) results in better incidental L2 memory performance compared to other types of semantic processing (viz., a lexical decision task [LDT] for Experiment A and an imageability judgment task [IJT] for Experiment B).

scholarly journals Greek word recognition by Greek readers and the DRC model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthymia C Kapnoula ◽  
Athanassios Protopapas ◽  
Steven J. Saunders ◽  
Max Coltheart
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Word Length ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Bigram Frequency ◽  
Nonword Naming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psycholinguistic Variables ◽  
Dual Route

We evaluated the dual route cascaded (DRC) model of visual word recognition using Greek behavioural data on word and nonword naming and lexical decision, focusing on the effects of syllable and bigram frequency. DRC was modified to process polysyllabic Greek words and nonwords. The Greek DRC and native speakers of Greek were presented with the same sets of word and nonword stimuli, spanning a wide range on several psycholinguistic variables, and the sensitivity of the model to lexical and sublexical variables was compared to the effects of these factors on the behavioural data. DRC pronounced correctly all the stimuli and successfully simulated the effects of frequency in words, and of length and bigram frequency in nonwords. However, unlike native speakers of Greek, DRC failed to demonstrate sensitivity to word length and syllabic frequency. We discuss the significance of these findings in constraining models of visual word recognition.

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