scholarly journals Flexible Configural Learning of Non-Linear Discriminations and Detection of Stimulus Compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Glautier ◽  
Tamaryn Menneer ◽  
Hayward J. Godwin ◽  
Nick Donnelly ◽  
José A. Aristizabal
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Configural Learning ◽  
Processing Pipeline ◽  
Cue Salience ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
Cue Processing ◽  
Biconditional Discrimination

Abstract. Previous work showed that prior experience with discriminations requiring configural solutions (e.g., biconditional discrimination) confers an advantage for the learning of new configural discriminations (e.g., negative patterning) in comparison to prior experience with elemental discriminations. This effect is well established but its mechanism is not well understood. In the studies described below we assessed whether the saliences of configural and element cues were affected by prior training. We observed positive transfer to a new configural discrimination after configural pre-training but we were unable to find evidence for changes in cue salience using a signal-detection task. Our results confirm previous work by demonstrating experience-dependent flexibility in cue processing but they also suggest that this flexibility occurs at a point in the stimulus processing pipeline later than 1–2 s after the presentation of stimulus inputs. (138 words)

scholarly journals Flexible Configural Learning of Non-Linear Discriminations and Detection of Stimulus Compounds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Glautier
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Configural Learning ◽  
Processing Pipeline ◽  
Cue Salience ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
Cue Processing ◽  
Biconditional Discrimination

Previous work showed that prior experience with discriminations requiring configural solutions (e.g., biconditional discrimination) confers an advantage for the learning of new configural discriminations (e.g., negative patterning) in comparison to prior experience with elemental discriminations. This effect is well established but its mechanism is not well understood. In the studies described below we assessed whether the saliences of configural and element cues were affected by prior training. We observed positive transfer to a new configural discrimination after configural pre-Training but we were unable to find evidence for changes in cue salience using a signal-detection task. Our results confirm previous work by demonstrating experience-dependent flexibility in cue processing but they also suggest that this flexibility occurs at a point in the stimulus processing pipeline later than 1-2 s after the presentation of stimulus inputs. (138 words).

scholarly journals Vortioxetine Differentially Modulates MK-801-Induced Changes in Visual Signal Detection Task Performance and Locomotor Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Hillhouse ◽  
Christina R. Merritt ◽  
Douglas A. Smith ◽  
Manuel Cajina ◽  
Connie Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Collaborative Metacognition in Signal Detection Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1704-1708
Author(s):  
Jackson Duncan-Reid ◽  
Jason S. McCarley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Metacognitive Judgments ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
Sensitive Individual

When individuals work together to make decisions in a signal detection task, they typically achieve greater sensitivity as a group than they could each achieve on their own. The present experiments investigate whether metacognitive, or Type 2, signal detection judgements would show a similar pattern of collaborative benefit. Thirty-two participants in Experiment 1 and sixty participants in Experiment 2 completed a signal detection task individually and in groups, and measures of Type 1 and Type 2 sensitivity were calculated from participants’ confidence judgments. Bayesian parameter estimates suggested that regardless of whether teams are given feedback on their performance (Experiment 1) or receive no feedback (Experiment 2), no credible differences were observed in metacognitive efficiency between the teams and the better members, nor between the teams and the worse members. These findings suggest that teams may self-assess their performance by deferring metacognitive judgments to the most metacognitively sensitive individual within the team, even without trial-by-trial feedback, rather than integrating their judgments and achieving increased metacognitive awareness of their own performance.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effect of Stimuli Characteristics on Signal Detection Performance: Sex Influenced Targeting Bias

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619
Author(s):  
Jessica Williams ◽  
Rhyse Bendell ◽  
Jason Parker ◽  
Andrew Talone ◽  
Jordan Sasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Response Criterion ◽  
Male Character ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
Social Biases

Research has shown that the perceived sex (female versus male features) of a presented threat can influence participants’ responses. This exploratory analysis examined data from an experiment which utilized a virtual reality signal detection task. Six categorically different character models (three males and three females) transported one of five potential objects (one signal: pistol; five noise: gardening tools) across a virtual environment. The focus of our analysis was to explore the influence of participant sex and character gender on participants' perceptual sensitivity ( d’) and response criterion ( C). Results suggest that character gender had significant effects on d’ and C such that male character models resulted in greater perceptual sensitivity and a more liberal response criterion. Our findings align with previous research that characterize females as less likely to be targeted as a threat, possibly due to stereotypes or predisposed social biases, as opposed to males.

scholarly journals Sex-related Differences in Spatial Ability and Signal Detection Task Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1239-1243
Author(s):  
Rhyse Bendell ◽  
Florian Jentsch
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Continuous Signal ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conventional Signal

Sex-related differences in spatial ability have regularly shown a slight performance advantage among males on standard tests; however, the impact of these differences in real-world tasks that may depend on spatial ability has rarely been investigated. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the relationship between sex-related differences in spatial ability as quantified by two measures (Thurstone’s Mental Rotation test and the Spatial Reasoning Instrument), and performance in a conventional signal detection task. Mixed results showed some support for slightly improved male spatial ability. We then conducted a follow-up experiment to investigate sex-related differences in spatial ability and with respect to performance in a continuous signal detection task. Slight male advantages in performance of the spatial ability measures emerged, and also in the continuous signal detection task, but not for the conventional signal detection task.

The late positive components of the human EEG in a signal detection task☆

1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Cael ◽  
Allan Nash ◽  
Jay J. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Human Eeg ◽  
Signal Detection Task
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