scholarly journals Annual cycle in coastal sea level from tide gauges and altimetry

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (C4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Vinogradov ◽  
Rui M. Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Coastal Sea

scholarly journals Sea-level variability and change along the Norwegian coast between 2003 and 2018 from satellite altimetry, tide gauges and hydrography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Mangini ◽  
Léon Chafik ◽  
Antonio Bonaduce ◽  
Laurent Bertino ◽  
Jan Even Øie Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Sea Level Anomaly ◽  
Sea Level Variability ◽  
Norwegian Coast ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Sea Level Variations ◽  
Sea Level Trend

Abstract. Sea-level variations in coastal areas can differ significantly from those in the nearby open ocean. Monitoring coastal sea-level variations is therefore crucial to understand how climate variability can affect the densely populated coastal regions of the globe. In this paper, we study the sea-level variability along the coast of Norway by means of in situ records, satellite altimetry data, and a network of eight hydrographic stations over a period spanning 16 years (from 2003 to 2018). At first, we evaluate the performance of the ALES-reprocessed coastal altimetry dataset by comparing it with the sea-level anomaly from tide gauges over a range of timescales, which include the long-term trend, the annual cycle and the detrended and deseasoned sea level anomaly. We find that coastal altimetry outperforms conventional altimetry products at most locations along the Norwegian coast. We later take advantage of the coastal altimetry dataset to perform a sea level budget along the Norwegian coast. We find that the thermosteric and the halosteric signals give a comparable contribution to the sea-level trend along the Norwegian coast, except for three, non-adjacent hydrographic stations, where salinity variations affect the sea-level trend more than temperature variations. We also find that the sea-level annual cycle is more affected by variations in temperature than in salinity, and that both temperature and salinity give a comparable contribution to the detrended and deseasoned sea-level along the entire Norwegian coast.

Integrating Non-Tidal Sea Level data from altimetry and tide gauges for coastal sea level prediction

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongcun Cheng ◽  
Ole Baltazar Andersen ◽  
Per Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Coastal Sea

Validation of the ALES Coastal Altimetry Dataset against the Norwegian Tide Gauges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Mangini ◽  
Antonio Bonaduce ◽  
Léon Chafik ◽  
Laurent Bertino
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Sea Level Variability ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Coastal Sea

<p>Satellite altimetry measurements, complemented by in-situ records, have made a fundamental contribution to the understanding of global sea level variability for almost 30 years. Due to land contamination, it performs best over the open ocean. However, over the years, there has been a significant effort to improve the altimetry products in coastal regions. Indeed, altimetry observations could be fruitfully used in the coastal zone to complement the existing tide gauge network which, despite its relevance, does not represent the entire coast. Given the important role of coastal altimetry in oceanography, we have recently decided to check the quality of a new coastal altimetry dataset, ALES, along the coast of Norway. The Norwegian coast is well covered by tide gauges and, therefore, particularly suitable to validate a coastal altimetry dataset. Preliminary results show a good agreement between in-situ and remote sensing sea-level signals in terms of linear trend, seasonal cycle and inter-annual variability. For example, the linear correlation coefficient between the inter-annual sea level variability from altimetry and tide gauges exceeds 0.8. Likewise, the root mean square difference between the two is less than 2 cm at most tide gauge locations. A comparison with Breili et al. (2017) shows that ALES performs better than the standard satellite altimetry products at estimating sea level trends along the coast of Norway. Notably, in the Lofoten region, the difference between the sea level trends computed using ALES and the tide gauges range between 0.0 to 0.7 mm/year, compared to circa 1 to 3 mm/year found by Breili et al. (2017). These preliminary results go in the direction of obtaining an accurate characterization of coastal sea-level at the high latitudes based on coastal altimetry records, which can represent a valuable source of information to reconstruct coastal sea-level signals in areas where in-situ data are missing or inaccurate.</p>

scholarly journals Coastal Sea Level Trends from a Joint Use of Satellite Radar Altimetry, GPS and Tide Gauges: Case Study of the Northern Adriatic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Vignudelli ◽  
Francesco De Biasio
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Northern Adriatic Sea ◽  
Radar Altimetry ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Along Track ◽  
Satellite Radar Altimetry

For the last century, tide gauges have been used to measure sea level change along the world’s coastline. However, tide gauges are heterogeneously distributed and sparse in coverage. The measured sea level changes are also affected by solid-Earth geophysics. Since 1992, satellite radar altimetry technique made possible to measure heights at sea independent of land changes. Recently various efforts started to improve the sea level record reprocessing past altimetry missions to create an almost 30 year-long combined record for sea level research studies. Moreover, coastal altimetry, i.e. the extension of altimetry into the oceanic coastal zone and its exploitation for looking at climate-scale variations of sea level, has had a steady progress in recent years and has become a recognized mission target for present and future satellite altimeters. Global sea level rise is today well acknowledged. On the opposite, the regional and local patterns are much more complicated to observe and explain. Sea level falls in some places and rises in others, as a consequence of natural cycles and anthropogenic causes. As relative sea level height continues to increase, many coastal cities can have the local elevation closer to the flooding line. It is evident that at land-sea interface a single technique is not enough to de-couple land and sea level changes. Satellite radar altimetry and tide gauges would coincide at coast if land had no vertical motion. By noting this fact, the difference of the two independent measurements is a proxy of land motion. In this chapter, we review recent advances in open ocean and coastal altimetry to measure sea level changes close to the coasts over the satellite radar altimetry era. The various methods to measure sea level trends are discussed, with focus on a more robust inverse method that has been tested in the Northern Adriatic Sea, where Global Positioning System (GPS) data are available to conduct a realistic assessment of uncertainties. The results show that the classical approach of estimating Vertical Land Motion (VLM) provides values that are almost half of those provided by the new Linear Inverse Problem With Constraints (LIPWC) method, in a new formulation which makes use of a change of variable (LIPWCCOV). Moreover, the accuracy of the new VLM estimates is lower when compared to the VLM estimated from GPS measurements. The experimental Sea Level Climate Change Initiative (SLCCI) data set (high resolution along track) coastal sea level product (developed within Climate Change Initiative (CCI project) that has been also assessed in the Gulf of Trieste show that the trends calculated with the gridded and along track datasets exhibit some differences, probably due to the different methodologies used in the generation of the products.

Impact of Earth's curvature on coastal sea level altimetry with ground-based GNSS Reflectometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Hugo Almeida Junior ◽  
Marcelo Tomio Matsuoka ◽  
Felipe Geremia-Nievinski
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Reflection Point ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Receiving Antenna ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Gnss Reflectometry

<p>Global mean sea level is rising at an increasing rate. It is expected to cause more frequent extreme events on coastal sites. The main sea level monitoring systems are conventional tide gauges and satellite altimeters. However, tide gauges are few and satellite altimeters do not work well near the coasts. Ground-based GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a promising alternative for coastal sea level measurements. GNSS-R works as a bistatic radar, based on the use of radio waves continuously emitted by GNSS satellites, such as GPS and Galileo, that are reflected on the Earth’s surface. The delay between reflected and direct signals, known as interferometric delay, can be used to retrieve geophysical parameters, such as sea level. One advantage of ground-based GNSS-R is the slant sensing direction, which implies the reflection points can occur at long distances from the receiving antenna. The higher is the receiving antenna and the lower is the satellite elevation angle, the longer will be the distance to the reflection point. The geometrical modeling of interferometric delay, in general, adopts a planar and horizontal model to represent the reflector surface. This assumption may be not valid for far away reflection points due to Earth’s curvature. It must be emphasized that ground-based GNSS-R sensors can be located at high altitudes, such in lighthouses and cliffs, and GNSS satellites are often tracked near grazing incidence and even at negative elevation angles. Eventually, Earth’s curvature would have a significant impact on altimetry retrievals. The osculating spherical model is more adequate to represent the Earth’s surface since its mathematical complexity is in between a plane and an ellipsoid. The present work aims to quantify the effect of Earth’s curvature on ground-based GNSS-R altimetry. Firstly, we modeled the interferometric delay for each plane and sphere and we calculated the differences across the two surface models, for varying satellite elevation and antenna altitude. Then, we developed an altimetry correction in terms of half of the rate of change of the delay correction with respect to the sine of elevation. We simulated observation scenarios with satellite elevation angles from zenith down to the minimum observable elevation on the spherical horizon (negative) and antenna altitudes from 10 m to 500 m. We noted that due to Earth’s curvature, the reflection point is displaced, brought closer in the x-axis and bent downward in the y-axis. The displacement of the reflection point increases the interferometric delay. Near the planar horizon, at zero elevation, the difference increases quickly and so does the altimetry correction. Finally, considering a 1-cm altimetry precision threshold to sea-level measurements, we observed that the altimetry correction for Earth’s curvature is needed at 10°, 20°, and 30° satellite elevation, for an antenna altitude of 60 m, 120 m, and 160 m, respectively.</p>

Determination of Coastal Sea Level Heights around Taiwan by improved GNSS Reflectometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Ming Lee ◽  
Shao Lun Hung ◽  
Chung Yen Kuo ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Tzu Pang Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Ocean Tide ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Ocean Tide Model ◽  
Tide Model ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Quadratic Fitting

<p>Rapid sea level rise, a severe consequence of global warming, could significantly damage the lives and properties of numerous human beings living in low-lying coastal areas. Therefore, realizing and monitoring coastal sea level variations are of great importance for human society. Conventionally, sea level heights are measured by using tide gauges; however, the records are contaminated by vertical land motions which are difficult to be separated. Recently, Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technology has been proved to effectively monitor the coastal sea level changes from GNSS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data. However, the generation of detrended SNR ( SNR) depending on different satellite elevation angle intervals via a quadratic fitting, considerably influences the accuracy of sea level retrievals. Moreover, the quadratic fitting cannot perfectly describe the trend of SNR data. Therefore, we proposed a method combining ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and ocean tide model to compute SLHs. EEMD can decompose the original SNR data into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) corresponding to specific frequencies. Then, Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP) is applied to calculate the dominant frequency of the IMF with maximum spectral power. EEMD is not only suitable for dealing with nonlinear and nonstationary data but also eliminates the mode mixing problem of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) by adding white noises. In addition, we set an empirical SLH interval from ocean tide model as a quality control. In this study, the existing GNSS stations at the coasts of Taiwan are used to examine the proposed approach and then compare the results with those from the traditional quadratic fitting. Finally, the measurements from co-located or nearby traditional tide gauges are served as ground truth to evaluate the accuracy and stability of the mentioned methods.</p>

A comparison of the annual cycle of sea level in coastal areas from gridded satellite altimetry and tide gauges

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Ruiz Etcheverry ◽  
M. Saraceno ◽  
A.R. Piola ◽  
G. Valladeau ◽  
O.O. Möller
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tide Gauges

Western boundary circulation and sea level patterns in northern hemisphere oceans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Diabaté ◽  
Didier Swingedouw ◽  
Joël Hirschi ◽  
Aurélie Duchez ◽  
Philip Leadbitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
The Kuroshio

<p>The sea level changes along the Atlantic coast of the US have received a lot of attention recently because of an increased rate of rise north of the Gulf Stream separation point since the late 1980s (Sallenger et al., 2012 ; Boon, 2012). While sea-level rise is a major issue for coastal community, sea-level measurements in the region are key to understand the past of the nearby Gulf Stream and the large-scale ocean dynamics. Tide gauges on the coastline have measured the inshore sea-level for many decades and provide a unique window on past oceanic circulation. So far, numerous studies have linked the interannual to multi-decadal coastal sea-level changes to ocean dynamics, including the Gulf Stream strength, the divergence of the Sverdrup transport in the basin interior and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, other studies argue that local and regional processes, such as the alongshore winds or the river discharges, are processes of greater importance to the coastal sea level.</p><p>The general picture in the Atlantic is hence unclear. Yet, the northwest Atlantic is not the only western boundary region where sea-level has been well sampled. In this study we extend the analysis to the northwest Pacific, where links between the state of the Kuroshio and sea-level are evident (Kawabe, 2005; Sasaki et al., 2014). We discuss similarities and dissimilarities between the western boundary regions. We show for each basin, that the inshore sea level upstream the separation points is in sustained agreement with the meridional shifts of the western boundary current extension. This indicates that long duration tide gauges, such as Fernandina Beach (US) and Hosojima (Japan) could be used as proxies for the Gulf Stream North Wall and the Kuroshio Extension state, respectively.</p><p><strong>References:</strong></p><p>Boon, J. D. (2012). Evidence of sea level acceleration at US and Canadian tide stations, Atlantic Coast, North America. Journal of Coastal Research, 28(6), 1437-1445.<strong> </strong></p><p>Kawabe, M. (2005). Variations of the Kuroshio in the southern region of Japan: Conditions for large meander of the Kuroshio. Journal of oceanography, 61(3), 529-537.</p><p>Sallenger, A. H., Doran, K. S., & Howd, P. A. (2012). Hotspot of accelerated sea-level rise on the Atlantic coast of North America. Nature Climate Change, 2(12), 884-888.</p><p>Sasaki, Y. N., Minobe, S., & Miura, Y. (2014). Decadal sea‐level variability along the coast of Japan in response to ocean circulation changes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119(1), 266-275.</p>

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