Response of the Arctic Marine Inorganic Carbon System to Ice Algae and Under‐Ice Phytoplankton Blooms: A Case Study Along the Fast‐Ice Edge of Baffin Bay

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 1277-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent G. T. Else ◽  
Jeremy J. Whitehead ◽  
Virginie Galindo ◽  
Joannie Ferland ◽  
C. J. Mundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Algae ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Carbon System

scholarly journals Food web structure of the epibenthic community at the sea ice edge in Baffin Bay, Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Yunda-Guarin ◽  
Philippe Archambault ◽  
Guillaume Massé ◽  
Christian Nozais
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Sea Ice Edge

In polar areas, the pelagic-benthic coupling plays a fundamental role in ensuring organic matter flow across depths and trophic levels. Climate change impacts the Arctic’s physical environment and ecosystem functioning, affecting the sequestration of carbon, the structure and efficiency of the benthic food web and its resilience.In the Arctic Ocean, highest atmospheric warming tendencies (by ~0.5°C) occur in the east of Baffin Bay making this area an ideal site to study the effects of climate change on benthic communities. We sampled epibenthic organisms at 13 stations bordering the sea ice between June and July 2016. The epibenthic taxonomic composition was identified and grouped by feeding guilds. Isotopic signatures (δ13C - δ15N), trophic levels and trophic separation and redundancy were measured and quantified at each station. In the light of the results obtained, the stability of the benthic community in the Baffin Bay at the sea ice edge is discussed.

scholarly journals Food web structure of the epibenthic community at the sea ice edge in Baffin Bay, Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Yunda-Guarin ◽  
Philippe Archambault ◽  
Guillaume Massé ◽  
Christian Nozais
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Sea Ice Edge

In polar areas, the pelagic-benthic coupling plays a fundamental role in ensuring organic matter flow across depths and trophic levels. Climate change impacts the Arctic’s physical environment and ecosystem functioning, affecting the sequestration of carbon, the structure and efficiency of the benthic food web and its resilience.In the Arctic Ocean, highest atmospheric warming tendencies (by ~0.5°C) occur in the east of Baffin Bay making this area an ideal site to study the effects of climate change on benthic communities. We sampled epibenthic organisms at 13 stations bordering the sea ice between June and July 2016. The epibenthic taxonomic composition was identified and grouped by feeding guilds. Isotopic signatures (δ13C - δ15N), trophic levels and trophic separation and redundancy were measured and quantified at each station. In the light of the results obtained, the stability of the benthic community in the Baffin Bay at the sea ice edge is discussed.

scholarly journals Internal consistency of the inorganic carbon system in the Arctic Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 887-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Woosley ◽  
Frank J. Millero ◽  
Taro Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Carbon System

scholarly journals Measurements of the dissolved inorganic carbon system and associated biogeochemical parameters in the Canadian Arctic, 1974–2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Giesbrecht ◽  
L. A. Miller ◽  
M. Davelaar ◽  
S. Zimmermann ◽  
E. Carmack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Biogeochemical Parameters ◽  
Carbon System

Abstract. We have assembled and conducted primary quality control on previously publicly unavailable water column measurements of the dissolved inorganic carbon system and associated biogeochemical parameters (oxygen, nutrients, etc.) made on 26 cruises in the subarctic and Arctic regions dating back to 1974. The measurements are primarily from the western side of the Canadian Arctic, but also include data that cover an area ranging from the North Pacific to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The data were subjected to primary quality control (QC) to identify outliers and obvious errors. This data set incorporates over four thousand individual measurements of total inorganic carbon (TIC), alkalinity, and pH from the Canadian Arctic over a period of more than 30 years and provides an opportunity to increase our understanding of temporal changes in the inorganic carbon system in northern waters and the Arctic Ocean. The data set is available for download on the CDIAC (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center) website: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/IOS_Arctic_Database/ (doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.IOS_ARCT_CARBN).

scholarly journals Modeling Wind-Driven Circulation and Landfast Ice-Edge Processes during Polynya Events in Northern Baffin Bay

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1356-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Dumont ◽  
Yves Gratton ◽  
Todd E. Arbetter
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northerly Wind ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Landfast Ice ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Wind Driven Circulation ◽  
Wind Events

Abstract A high-resolution sea ice–ocean numerical model of the North Water polynya has been developed to study the wind-driven circulation during polynya events. An idealized three-layer stratified ocean is used to initialize the model to characterize the baroclinic response to realistic wind and ice conditions. The model general circulation pattern is mainly forced by an along-channel sea level gradient between the Arctic Ocean and Baffin Bay, which determines the magnitude of the southward Baffin Current, and by an across-channel sea level gradient in Baffin Bay, which drives the northward West Greenland Current (WGC). These two currents are found to be anticorrelated to each other in the Smith Sound area. During strong northerly wind events, occurring quite frequently in the winter–spring period in the polynya, nutrient-rich Baffin Bay waters transported by the WGC are forced toward the Greenland shelf, coinciding with upwelling events along the Greenland coast. Whenever an ice bridge is present (i.e., the polynya exists and is substantially open), upwelling also occurs at the landfast ice edge. In such cases, the total upwelling area is increased by an amount that depends on the form of the ice bridge but could easily double during certain years. The baroclinic circulation associated with the upwelling response includes the formation of a cyclonic eddy attached to the ice edge that is generated during strong northerly wind events. Primary production estimations reveal that upwelling during polynya events plays a significant role in the early spring phytoplankton bloom, suggesting that the disappearance of the polynya as a result of climate change may have profound implications for the entire ecosystem.

scholarly journals Identifying challenges facing reliable supply chains and ways to mitigate then for mining in the Baffin Bay region

2021 ◽  
Vol 1201 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
J Taarup-Esbensen ◽  
O T Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
Bow Tie

Abstract There are substantial economic opportunities in extracting minerals in the Arctic region. However, it has proven difficult for operators to ensure reliable supply chains (SCs) north of the Arctic Circle. This paper uses a case study approach to illustrate the challenges of SCs reliability for mining projects in the northern Baffin Bay and on Greenland, discussing the technological and organisational developments that can mitigate them. A bow-tie approach shows the challenges faced by the industry and the effect of mitigating initiatives. We conclude that increased traffic will require technological, organisational and infrastructure developments to manage SC hazards and increase SC reliability. The available protective and preventive barriers have focused on avoiding periods where hazards could impact SC reliability. However, this strategy is unsustainable in the long term as a viable strategy for mining operations. It exposes the operations to Arctic hazards that are difficult to mitigate when time is limited. The consequence is that SCs often lack access to effective Arctic hazard barriers, ensuring increased SC reliability.

scholarly journals Coastal Polynya Disrupts the Acoustic Backscatter Diurnal Signal Over the Eastern Laptev Sea Shelf

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A. Dmitrenko ◽  
Vladislav Y. Petrusevich ◽  
Ksenia Kosobokova ◽  
Alexander S. Komarov ◽  
Caroline Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Acoustic Scattering ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Acoustic Backscatter ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Polar Night ◽  
Sea Ice Decline ◽  
Polar Day ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
Ice Edge

The diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is one of the largest species migrations to occur globally and is a key driver of regional ecosystems and the marine carbon pump. The dramatic changes in the Arctic environment in recent years, mainly associated with sea-ice decline, may have wide significance for the Arctic shelf ecosystems including DVM. Observations have revealed the occurrence of DVM in ice-covered Arctic waters, however, there have yet to be observations of DVM from the extensive Siberian shelves in the Eurasian Arctic and no analysis of how the sea-ice decline may affect DVM. Here, 2 yearlong time series of acoustic backscatter, collected by moored acoustic Doppler current profilers in the eastern Laptev Sea from August 1998 to August 1999, were used to examine the annual cycle of acoustic scattering, and therefore the annual cycle of DVM in the area. The acoustic time series were used along with atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis and satellite data. Our observations show that DVM did not occur during polar night and polar day, but is active during the spring and fall transition periods when there is a diurnal cycle in light conditions. DVM began beneath the fast ice at the end of polar night and increased in intensity through spring. However, the formation of a large polynya along the landfast ice edge in late March 1999 caused DVM to abruptly cease near the fast ice edge, while DVM persisted through spring to the start of polar day at the onshore mooring. We associate this cessation of synchronized DVM ∼1 month ahead of polar day with a predator-avoidance behavior of zooplankton in response to higher polar cod abundance near the polynya. During polar day, the intensity of acoustic scattering was attributed to the riverine suspended particles. Overall, our results highlight the occurrence of DVM on the Siberian shelves, the cessation of synchronized DVM when a polynya opens up nearby, and the potential impact of significant trends toward a more extensive Laptev Sea polynya as part of changing ice conditions in the Eurasian Arctic and their impact on the Arctic shelf ecology.

scholarly journals Measurements of the dissolved inorganic carbon system and associated biogeochemical parameters in the Canadian Arctic, 1974–2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Giesbrecht ◽  
L. A. Miller ◽  
S. Zimmermann ◽  
E. Carmack ◽  
W. K. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Biogeochemical Parameters ◽  
Carbon System

Abstract. We have assembled and conducted primary quality control on previously publically-unavailable water column measurements of the dissolved inorganic carbon system and associated biogeochemical parameters (oxygen, nutrients, etc.) made on 25 cruises in the subarctic and Arctic regions dating from as far back as 1974. The measurements are primarily from the western side of the Canadian Arctic, but also include data ranging from the North Pacific to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The data were subjected to primary quality control (QC) to identify outliers and obvious errors. This dataset incorporates over four thousand individual measurements of total inorganic carbon (TIC), alkalinity, and pH from the Canadian Arctic over a period of more than 30 yr and provides an opportunity to increase our understanding of temporal changes in the inorganic carbon system in northern waters and the Arctic Ocean. The dataset is available for download on the CDIAC website: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/IOS_Arctic_Database/ (doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.IOS_ARCT_CARBN).

scholarly journals An Application of Sea Ice Tracking Algorithm for Fast Ice and Stamukhas Detection in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3783
Author(s):  
Valeria Selyuzhenok ◽  
Denis Demchev
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Tracking Algorithm ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Envisat Asar ◽  
Drift Field ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Sar Imagery

For regional environmental studies it is important to know the location of the fast ice edge which affects the coastal processes in the Arctic. The aim of this study is to develop a new automated method for fast ice delineation from SAR imagery. The method is based on a fine resolution hybrid sea ice tracking algorithm utilizing advantages of feature tracking and cross-correlation approaches. The developed method consists of three main steps: drift field retrieval at sub-kilometer scale, selection of motionless features and edge delineation. The method was tested on a time series of C-band co-polarized (HH) ENVISAT ASAR and Sentinel-1 imagery in the Laptev and East Siberian Seas. The comparison of the retrieved edges with the operational ice charts produced by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (Russia) showed a good agreement between the data sets with a mean distance between the edges of <15 km. Thanks to the high density of the ice drift product, the method allows for detailed fast ice edge delineation. In addition, large stamukhas with horizontal size of tens of kilometers can be detected. The proposed method can be applied for regional fast ice mapping and large stamukhas detection to aid coastal research. Additionally, the method can serve as a tool for operational sea ice mapping.

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