THE PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVANCE PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEM (API / PNR) WITH THE AIM TO USE SUCH SYSTEM AS A COUNTERACTING CROSS-BORDER THREATS TOOL

The practical recommendations for the implementation of Advance Passenger Information System (API / PNR) were described in the article with the aim to use such system as a counteracting cross-border threats tool. The national approaches to the legal regulation of API / PNR data collection, storage and processing data on air passengers are analyzed. Since there is no complete system for processing Advance Passenger Information in Ukraine and currently it is possible only to check API information through national databases, tactical tasks for the system implementation in Ukraine have been identified based on a foreign experience review. It is argued that the implementation of such a systems will assist to ensure more effective and reliable protection of border security, in particular: helps to improve border control and increase the effectiveness of the fight against terrorism, organized crime, as well as facilitates to regulate migration; allows to reduce the workload of border control officers through the use of technology and automated means; improves people’s perception of security and facilitates more comfortable and smooth border crossing for law-abiding passengers; complements the procedures for checking documents and data (checking passports according to databases). The order of actions for system implementing is proposed. It is includes: development of needs and goals, determination of basic parameters of the national system, regulation of legal support for the functioning of the system (legal guarantees of personal data protection, legal base of data collection, exchange and processing), establishing of interagency cooperation mechanism.

Negotiating Cultural Identity in The Inheritance of Loss

This paper seeks to explore three modes of cultural identification presented in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss. With three intersecting plotlines, the novel focuses on three divergent modes of cultural identification in different spatio-temporal contexts. The first kind of cultural identification is imbued with a sense of foreignness, exemplified by the judge, Jemubhai, whose cultural identity is deeply shaped by imperialist ideology during British colonization of India. As Indian culture is negated by the colonial power, Jemubhai adheres to English cultural identification and disavows his Indianness. The second mode of cultural identification revolves around the issue of cultural authenticity in the diasporic context for Biju, a young migrant, illegal worker in various restaurants in New York. To survive in a foreign country, Biju forces himself to transgress cultural borders, which disconcerts Biju and further prompts him to pursue cultural authenticity. The third mode highlights Sai’s and Gyan’s trajectories of cultural identification. Just as Sai, Jemubhai’s granddaughter, embodies the idea of in-betweenness, Gyan, Sai’s math tutor, manifests the desire to escape narrow nationalism. Both Sai and Gyan evoke the potential of crossing borders. Juxtaposing the three modes of cultural identification, Desai’s novel explores the process of negotiating cultural identity and gestures towards a field of border-crossing identity.

From Digital Shock to Miniaturised Mobility: International Students’ Digital Journey in China

As Asia's largest host country of international students, China's digitial placemaking is impacting on international students’ experience whilst studying and living in the country. This rqualitative study addresses the issue of international students’ transition to the digital environment in China. It draws on the theoretical perspectives of international students’ digital journeys and miniaturised mobilities to inform thematic analysis of artefact-mediated student interviews and social media posts. Findings show that international students’ digital journeys in China are characterised by three modes of digital adaptation including digital shock, digital border crossing and digital approachability. We argue that engaging in these modes of digital adaptation has reconstituted international students’ subjectivity through empowering miniaturised mobility, but also a sense of digital in-betweenness as they operate between two different virtual worlds.

On China’s Experience in in introducing Artificial Intelligence into the national manufacturing system

The issues of business management development on the border between Russia and China and the integration of science in the field of artificial intelligence with the real sector of the Chinese economy are of particular interest in the development of knowledge'based cooperation, the transfer of advanced technologies and the introduction of artificial intelligence in the sphere of border cooperation between our countries, including the full range of services related to border crossing and the development of all types of infrastructure on both sides of our common border

Temporary Migration and Family Violence: How Perpetrators Weaponise Borders

This paper explores the implications of domestic and family violence occurring across borders, specifically the utilisation of border crossings to exert control and enact violence. While gendered violence can and does occur in border-crossing journeys, this paper focuses more specifically on how domestic and family violence extends across national borders and how violence (or the threat of violence and deportation) can manifest across multiple countries when women are temporary visa holders. This paper illuminates the way in which migration systems play a significant role in temporary migrant experiences of domestic and family violence. Drawing on a study of 300 temporary migrants and their experiences of domestic and family violence, I argue that perpetrators effectively weaponise the migration system to threaten, coerce and control women in different ways, most often with impunity. I also argue that we cannot focus on perpetrators and the individual alone—that we need to build on the border criminology scholarship that highlights the need to focus on systemic harm in the context of domestic and family violence and identify how the migration regime contributes to gendered violence.

Experiences of seeking healthcare across the border: lessons to inform upstream policies and system developments on cross-border health in East Africa

ObjectivesThis study explored the experiences of accessing care across the border in East Africa.ParticipantsFrom February to June 2018, a cross-sectional study using qualitative and quantitative methods was conducted among 279 household adults residing along selected national border sites of Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda and had accessed care from the opposite side of the border 5 years prior to this study.SettingAccess to HIV treatment, maternal delivery and childhood immunisation services was explored. We applied the health access framework and an appreciative inquiry approach to identify factors that enabled access to the services.MeasuresExploratory factor analysis and linear regression were used for quantitative data, while deductive content analysis was done for the qualitative data on respondent’s experiences navigating health access barriers.ResultsThe majority of respondents (83.9%; 234/279) had accessed care from public health facilities. Nearly one-third (77/279) had sought care across the border more than a year ago and 22.9% (64/279) less than a month ago. From the linear regression, the main predictor for ease of access for healthcare were ‘‘ease of border crossing’ (regression coefficient (RegCoef) 0.381); ‘services being free’ (RegCoef 0.478); ‘services and medicines availability’ (RegCoef 0.274) and ‘acceptable quality of services’ (RegCoef 0.364). The key facilitators for successful navigation of access barriers were related to the presence of informal routes, speaking a similar language and the ability to pay for the services.ConclusionCommunities resident near national borders were able to cross borders to seek healthcare. There is need for a policy environment to enable East Africa invest better and realise synergies for these communities. This will advance Universal Health Coverage goals for communities along the border who represent the far fang areas of the health system with multiple barriers to healthcare access.

Novoselitsa – “An Insignificant Barrier”

This article focuses on Russian Novoselitsa, a small town on the Russian-Austro-Hungarian-Romanian border, which served as the sole border crossing between Russian Bessarabia and Austrian Bukovina. From 1893 it was also an important railway junction between the two empires. Based on diplomatic documents from the Austrian State Archives, the article discusses Austrian officials’ views of ethnoreligious communities in the region, including Bessarabian Romanians, Jews, Russian Old Believers, and Ukrainians. It also examines the activity of the Austro-Hungarian Consular Agency in Russian Novoselitsa (1869–1914). The authors analyze the attitude of the Austrian officials towards ethnoreligious groups, informal practices on the border, and revolutionary unrest. The Novoselitsa case epitomizes the fundamental difference between the supranational Habsburg Empire and the nationalizing Romanov Empire, but also highlights the similarities between the two regimes. It illustrates the notions of “shatterzone of empires” (Bartov and Weitz 2013) and “thick borders”: Novoselitsa, a periphery with regard to both Vienna and St. Petersburg, was a relatively autonomous space and had its own forms of agency, which expanded much beyond the border itself on both sides of the frontier. Cases of corruption and espionage are especially revealing in regard to the uncertainty and confusion specific to the borderlands, which reigned as much at the center as on the periphery. This case study also provides an interesting perspective on everyday life, emphasizing the peculiarities of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian monarchies, as well as the entanglements between the two entities.

Reviewing Science Education in Trinidad and Tobago through the Lens of the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper explores how the COVID-19 pandemic can act as a lens for educators and scholars to more clearly define some of the issues hampering effective science education in one Caribbean territory. The pandemic clearly revealed certain phenomena in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) including: the poor state of public scientific literacy; limited public understanding of the nature of science; an antagonistic dynamic with respect to public trust in science; and the lack of comprehensive remote/online pedagogical options for science. These issues have implications for the teaching and learning of science in T&T. In particular, science educators are encouraged to consider: a border crossing approach to teaching science; explicitly teaching the nature of science; adopting a science in context approach to science education; and working on developing digital pedagogies for teaching science that honour inquiry and concrete hands-on experience with phenomena. While the article is primarily about Trinidad and Tobago, it may be relevant to those interested in the development of small island states, including other Caribbean territories.