Variations of Velocity and Attenuation Anisotropy Structures in the Uppermost Inner Core Beneath the Central Pacific Region

Abstract The hot tower (HT) in the inner core plays an important role in tropical cyclone (TC) rapid intensification (RI). With the help of Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) data and the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme dataset, the potential of HTs in operational RI prediction is reassessed in this study. The stand-alone HT-based RI prediction scheme showed little skill in the northern Atlantic (NA) and eastern and central Pacific (ECP), but yielded skill scores of >0.3 in the southern Indian Ocean (SI) and western North Pacific (WNP) basins. The inaccurate predictions are due to four scenarios: 1) RI events may have already begun prior to the TRMM overpass. 2) RI events are driven by non-HT factors. 3) The HT has already dissipated or has not occurred at the TRMM overpass time. 4) Large false alarms result from the unfavorable environment. When the HT was used in conjunction with the TC’s previous 12-h intensity change, the potential intensity, the percentage area from 50 to 200 km of cloud-top brightness temperatures lower than −10°C, and the 850–200-hPa vertical shear magnitude with the vortex removed, the predictive skill score in the SI was 0.56. This score was comparable to that of the RI index scheme, which is considered the most advanced RI prediction method. When the HT information was combined with the aforementioned four environmental factors in the NA, ECP, South Pacific, and WNP, the skill scores were 0.23, 0.32, 0.42, and 0.42, respectively.

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Normal mode splitting due to inner core attenuation anisotropy

Geophysical Journal International ◽

10.1093/gji/ggt332 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 195 (3) ◽

pp. 1786-1795 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna M. Mäkinen ◽

Arwen Deuss

Keyword(s):

Normal Mode ◽

Inner Core ◽

Mode Splitting ◽

Attenuation Anisotropy ◽

Normal Mode Splitting

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Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4830.2.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4830 (2) ◽

pp. 201-246

Author(s):

DALE R. CALDER

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Shallow Water ◽

Marine Species ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Bishop Museum ◽

Central Pacific ◽

Central Pacific Ocean ◽

Small Collection ◽

Remote Islands ◽

First Time

This report is based on a small collection of hydroids from the Hawaiian Islands, in the central Pacific Ocean. Most of the examined material was obtained by staff of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, during surveys for nonindigenous marine species in shallow, sheltered, inshore or nearshore waters, and especially in harbours, bays, and lagoons. In all, 34 species of leptothecate hydroids, assigned to 14 families and 20 genera, were identified and are discussed. One of them, based on a single infertile colony with a damaged hydrotheca, was identified provisionally only to the rank of suborder. Given the limited geographic and bathymetric focus of the surveys, only four of the species, Clytia thornelyi, Halecium sibogae, Macrorhynchia balei, and M. hawaiensis, were collected at depths greater than 25 m. Seven species, Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959, Orthopyxis crenata (Hartlaub, 1901), Clytia elongata Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890, C. paulensis (Vanhöffen, 1910), Tridentata maldivensis (Borradaile, 1905), Monotheca flexuosa (Bale, 1894), and a hydroid identified only as Eirenida (undetermined), are recorded from Hawaii for the first time. Three others, Lytocarpia nigra (Nutting, 1905) Macrorhynchia balei (Nutting, 1905), and M. hawaiensis (Nutting, 1905), have their type localities in Hawaii, with the last of these being known to date only from the Hawaiian archipelago. Most of the species are well-known from shallow water areas across the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region, and over half of them have been reported as well from warm waters in the Atlantic Ocean. Their existence in the remote islands of Hawaii is attributed to long-range dispersal by both natural and human-mediated means, including shipping.

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Elastic and attenuation anisotropy in directionally solidified (hcp) zinc, and the seismic anisotropy in the Earth's inner core

Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors ◽

10.1016/s0031-9201(99)00093-x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 117 (1-4) ◽

pp. 139-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Michael I Bergman ◽

Louis Giersch ◽

Michael Hinczewski ◽

Valerie Izzo

Keyword(s):

Seismic Anisotropy ◽

Inner Core ◽

Directionally Solidified ◽

Earth’S Inner Core ◽

Attenuation Anisotropy

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The U.S. Western Pacific Region

10.1093/oso/9780192843463.003.0010 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 485-544

Author(s):

Jason S. Link ◽

Anthony R. Marshak

Keyword(s):

Ocean Basin ◽

Coastal Development ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Western Pacific Region ◽

Central Pacific ◽

Storm Activity ◽

Central Pacific Ocean ◽

Ecosystem Level ◽

The U.S

This chapter describes the West Pacific region and the major issues facing this marine fisheries ecosystem, and presents some summary statistics related to the 90 indicators of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) criteria. The U.S. Western Pacific region composes over half (~51%) of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), including multiple remote archipelagos, and extends over much of the Western and Central Pacific Ocean basin. The Western Pacific contains the second-highest (among eight regions) number of managed taxa in U.S. waters, including commercially and recreationally important bottomfishes (e.g., emperors, snappers, groupers), pelagic fishes, crustaceans, corals, and coral reef-associated taxa. The U.S. Western Pacific has been affected by above-average natural and human stressors that include the highest frequency and intensity of cyclonic storm activity, intensive fishing, high coastal development, and continually increasing temperatures. Overall, significant EBFM progress has been made in terms of implementing ecosystem-level planning and advancing knowledge of ecosystem principles.

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The humanitarian impact and implications of nuclear test explosions in the Pacific region

International Review of the Red Cross ◽

10.1017/s1816383116000163 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 97 (899) ◽

pp. 775-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tilman A. Ruff

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Weapons ◽

French Polynesia ◽

Nuclear Test ◽

Marshall Islands ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Nuclear Testing ◽

Central Pacific ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

The Pacific ◽

Global Impacts

AbstractThe people of the Pacific region have suffered widespread and persisting radioactive contamination, displacement and transgenerational harm from nuclear test explosions. This paper reviews radiation health effects and the global impacts of nuclear testing, as context for the health and environmental consequences of nuclear test explosions in Australia, the Marshall Islands, the central Pacific and French Polynesia. The resulting humanitarian needs include recognition, accountability, monitoring, care, compensation and remediation. Treaty architecture to comprehensively prohibit nuclear weapons and provide for their elimination is considered the most promising way to durably end nuclear testing. Evidence of the humanitarian impacts of nuclear tests, and survivor testimony, can contribute towards fulfilling the humanitarian imperative to eradicate nuclear weapons.

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