Numerical Study of the Exchange Flow of the Persian Gulf Using an Extended Total Exchange Flow Analysis Framework

Abstract. We employ a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) to study the circulation and water mass properties of the Persian Gulf, which is a large inverse estuary. Our findings suggest that the Persian Gulf experiences a distinct seasonal cycle in which a Gulf-wide cyclonic overturning circulation establishes in spring and summer, but this disintegrates into mesoscale eddies in autumn and winter. Establishment of the Gulf-wide circulation coincides with establishment of thermal stratification and strengthening of the baroclinic exchange circulation through the Strait of Hormuz. The latter is associated with winter cooling of extreme saline (>45 psu) water in shallow regions along the coast of United Arab Emirates. To validate the model results, we present a detailed comparison with observational evidence.

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A Numerical Study of the Frontal System between the Inflow and Outflow Waters in the Persian Gulf

Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.29252/jafm.12.05.29770 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1475-1486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Rahnemania ◽

A. A. Bidokhti ◽

M. Ezam ◽

K. Lari ◽

S. Ghader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Persian Gulf ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Frontal System ◽

The Persian Gulf

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Analyzing the Performance of Wave-Energy Generator Systems (SSG) for the Southern Coasts of Iran, in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11113209 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3209 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kamran Khalifehei ◽

Gholamreza Azizyan ◽

Carlo Gualtieri

Keyword(s):

Wave Energy ◽

Persian Gulf ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Sea Waves ◽

The Real ◽

Oman Sea ◽

Wave Heights ◽

Wave Conditions ◽

The Persian Gulf

The Sea-wave Slot-cone Generator (SSG) wave-energy device is a type of electric energy converting structure that converts energy from sea waves, and which is designed and installed based on wave-overtopping in areas. Most of the previous studies have evaluated SSG systems based on hypothetical waves, considering the system geometry variations. However, it is important to consider the real wave conditions. This paper presents the results of a numerical study to investigate the performances of an SSG system in the context of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, where there is a strong need for renewable energies. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code Flow-3D was applied. First of all, available experimental data were applied to calibrate and evaluate the accuracy of the numerical model. Then, the real wave conditions on the coasts of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were imposed on the JONSWAP spectrum for the numerical modeling. Results of the study demonstrated that the hydraulic efficiency of the SSG system in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea was low for wave heights lower than 0.5 m. The nominal efficiency of the system was relatively more than 60% for wave heights higher than 1 m; thus, the performance of the SSG system was suitably evaluated. Finally, the numerical results demonstrated that the most optimal conditions, with a nominal efficiency of 97%, were obtained for incident waves that had a height of 2 m and a period of 5.6 s. In this case, the hydraulic performance of the system was maximum.

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Numerical issues of the Total Exchange Flow (TEF) analysis framework for quantifying estuarine circulation

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-15-601-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 601-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marvin Lorenz ◽

Knut Klingbeil ◽

Parker MacCready ◽

Hans Burchard

Keyword(s):

Original Method ◽

Exchange Flow ◽

Exact Formulation ◽

Analysis Framework ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Exchange Flows ◽

Estuarine Mixing ◽

The Baltic ◽

Estuarine Exchange ◽

Total Exchange

Abstract. For more than a century, estuarine exchange flow has been quantified by means of the Knudsen relations which connect bulk quantities such as inflow and outflow volume fluxes and salinities. These relations are closely linked to estuarine mixing. The recently developed Total Exchange Flow (TEF) analysis framework, which uses salinity coordinates to calculate these bulk quantities, allows an exact formulation of the Knudsen relations in realistic cases. There are however numerical issues, since the original method does not converge to the TEF bulk values for an increasing number of salinity classes. In the present study, this problem is investigated and the method of dividing salinities, described by MacCready et al. (2018), is mathematically introduced. A challenging yet compact analytical scenario for a well-mixed estuarine exchange flow is investigated for both methods, showing the proper convergence of the dividing salinity method. Furthermore, the dividing salinity method is applied to model results of the Baltic Sea to demonstrate the analysis of realistic exchange flows and exchange flows with more than two layers.

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The circulation of the Persian Gulf: a numerical study

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-2-27-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 27-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

J. Kämpf ◽

M. Sadrinasab

Keyword(s):

United Arab Emirates ◽

Persian Gulf ◽

Thermal Stratification ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Mass Properties ◽

Inverse Estuary ◽

The Persian Gulf ◽

Autumn And Winter ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract. We employ a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) in a fully prognostic mode to study the circulation and water mass properties of the Persian Gulf – a large inverse estuary. Our findings, which are in good agreement with observational evidence, suggest that the Persian Gulf experiences a distinct seasonal cycle in which a gulf-wide cyclonic overturning circulation establishes in spring and summer, but this disintegrates into mesoscale eddies in autumn and winter. Establishment of the gulf-wide circulation coincides with establishment of thermal stratification and strengthening of the baroclinic exchange circulation through the Strait of Hormuz. Winter cooling of extreme saline (>45) water in shallow regions along the coast of United Arab Emirates is a major driver of this baroclinic circulation.

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Numerical Study on the Effects of Climate Change on Sea Surface Temperature in the Persian Gulf

Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.52547/joc.10.40.29 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (40) ◽

pp. 29-38

Author(s):

Shirin Farkhani ◽

Nasser Hadjizadeh Zaker ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Sea Surface Temperature ◽

Persian Gulf ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Sea Surface ◽

The Persian Gulf

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Numerical issues of the Total Exchange Flow (TEF) analysis framework for quantifying estuarine circulation

10.5194/os-2018-147 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Marvin Lorenz ◽

Knut Klingbeil ◽

Parker MacCready ◽

Hans Burchard

Keyword(s):

Original Method ◽

Exchange Flow ◽

Exact Formulation ◽

Analysis Framework ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Exchange Flows ◽

Estuarine Mixing ◽

The Baltic ◽

Estuarine Exchange ◽

Total Exchange

Abstract. For more than a century, estuarine exchange flow has been quantified by means of the Knudsen relations which connect bulk quantities such as inflow and outflow volume fluxes and salinities. These relations are closely linked to estuarine mixing. The recently developed Total Exchange flow (TEF) which uses salinity coordinates to calculate these bulk quantities allows an exact formulation of the Knudsen relations in realistic cases. There are however numerical issues, since the original method does not converge to the TEF bulk values for an increasing number of salinity classes. In the present study, this problem is investigated and the method of dividing salinities, described by MacCready et al. (2018), is mathematically introduced. A challenging yet compact analytical scenario for a well-mixed estuarine exchange flow is investigated for both methods, showing the proper convergence of the dividing salinity method. Furthermore, the dividing salinity method is applied to model results of the Baltic Sea to demonstrate the analysis of realistic exchange flows and exchange flows with more than two layers.

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