Using heat to trace vertical water fluxes in sediment experiencing concurrent tidal pumping and groundwater discharge

Abstract. The importance of hyporheic water fluxes induced by hydromorphologic processes at the streambed scale and their consequential effects on stream ecohydrology have recently received much attention. However, the role of hyporheic water fluxes in regional groundwater discharge is still not entirely understood. Streambed-induced flows not only affect mass and heat transport in streams but are also important for the retention of solute contamination originating from deep in the subsurface, such as naturally occurring solutes as well as leakage from the future geological disposal of nuclear waste. Here, we applied a multiscale modeling approach to investigate the effect of hyporheic fluxes on regional groundwater discharge in the Krycklan catchment, located in a boreal landscape in Sweden. Regional groundwater modeling was conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics constrained by observed or modeled representations of the catchment infiltration and geological properties, reflecting heterogeneities within the subsurface domain. Furthermore, streambed-scale modeling was performed using an exact spectral solution of the hydraulic head applicable to streaming water over a fluctuating streambed topography. By comparing the flow fields of watershed-scale groundwater discharge with and without consideration of streambed-induced hyporheic flows, we found that the flow trajectories and the distribution of the travel times of groundwater were substantially influenced by the presence of hyporheic fluxes near the streambed surface. One implication of hyporheic flows is that the groundwater flow paths contract near the streambed interface, thus fragmenting the coherent areas of groundwater upwelling and resulting in narrow “pinholes” of groundwater discharge points.

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Characterization of spatial heterogeneity of groundwater-stream water interactions using multiple depth streambed temperature measurements at the reach scale

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-3-1419-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 1419-1446 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

C. Schmidt ◽

M. Bayer-Raich ◽

M. Schirmer

Keyword(s):

Stream Water ◽

Groundwater Discharge ◽

Heat Diffusion ◽

Advection Equation ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

Water Fluxes ◽

Vertical Temperature ◽

Groundwater Temperature ◽

High Discharge

Abstract. Streambed temperatures can be easily, accurately and inexpensively measured at many locations. We obtained 140 vertical streambed temperature profiles along a 220 m section of a small artificial stream to characterize patterns of groundwater-stream water interaction with a high spatial resolution. Groundwater temperature at a sufficient depth remains nearly constant while stream water temperatures vary seasonally and diurnally. In summer, streambed temperatures of groundwater discharge zones are relatively colder than downwelling zones of stream water. Assuming vertical flow in the streambed, the observed temperatures can be correlated to the magnitude of water fluxes. The water fluxes can then be estimated by applying a simple analytical solution of the heat diffusion-advection equation to the observed vertical temperature profiles. The calculated water fluxes through the streambed ranged between 10.0 Lm−2 d−1 of stream water entering the streambed and 455.0 Lm−2 d−1 of groundwater discharging to the stream. The investigated reach was dominated by groundwater discharge with two distinct high discharge locations accounting for 50% of the total flux on 20% of the reach length.

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Fresh and Recirculated Submarine Groundwater Discharge Evaluated by Geochemical Tracers and a Seepage Meter at Two Sites in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology5040061 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Toshimi Nakajima ◽

Ryo Sugimoto ◽

Osamu Tominaga ◽

Masaru Takeuchi ◽

Hisami Honda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽

Groundwater Discharge ◽

Seto Inland Sea ◽

Water Fluxes ◽

Offshore Area ◽

Geochemical Tracers ◽

Seepage Meter ◽

The Seto Inland Sea ◽

Submarine Groundwater ◽

Inland Sea Of Japan

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) consists of fresh submarine groundwater discharge (FSGD) and recirculated submarine groundwater discharge (RSGD). In this study, we conducted simultaneous 25-hour time-series measurements of short-lived 222Rn and 224Ra activities at two sites with differing SGD rates in the central Seto Inland Sea of Japan to evaluate SGD rates and their constituents. At both sites, we also quantified the total SGD, FSGD, and RSGD using a seepage meter to verify the water fluxes estimated with 222Rn and 224Ra. SGD rates estimated using 222Rn and 224Ra at the site with significant SGD approximated the total SGD and RSGD measured by the seepage meter. However, SGD rates derived using 222Rn at the site with minor SGD were overestimated, since 222Rn activity at the nearshore mooring site was lower than that in the offshore area. These results suggest that the coupling of short-lived 222Rn and 224Ra is a powerful tool for quantification of FSGD and RSGD, although it is important to confirm that tracer activities in coastal areas are higher than those in offshore.

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A hydrological framework for persistent river pools

10.5194/hess-2021-461 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah A. Bourke ◽

Margaret Shanafield ◽

Paul Hedley ◽

Sarah Chapman ◽

Shawan Dogramaci

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Discharge ◽

Geological Mapping ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Water Fluxes ◽

River Channels ◽

Ecological Studies ◽

Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽

Through Flow ◽

Bedrock Aquifers ◽

North Western

Abstract. Persistent surface water pools along non-perennial rivers represent an important water resource for plants, animals, and humans. While ecological studies of these features are not uncommon, these are rarely accompanied by a rigorous examination of the hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics that create or support the pools. Here we present an overarching framework for understanding the hydrology of persistent pools. We identified perched water, alluvial through flow and groundwater discharge as mechanisms that control the persistence of pools along river channels. Groundwater discharge is further categorized into that controlled by a geological contact or barrier (not previously described in the literature), and discharge controlled by topography. Emphasis is put on clearly defining through-flow pools and the different drivers of groundwater discharge, as this is lacking in the literature. A suite of diagnostic tools (including geological mapping, hydraulic data and hydrochemical surveys) is generally required to identify the mechanism(s) supporting persistent pools. Water fluxes to pools supported by through-flow alluvial and bedrock aquifers can vary seasonally and resolving these inputs is generally non-trivial. This framework allows the evaluation of the susceptibility of persistent pools along river channels to changes in climate or groundwater withdrawals. Finally, we present three case studies from the Hamersley Basin of north-western Australia to demonstrate how the available diagnostic tools can be applied within the proposed framework.

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Characterization of spatial heterogeneity of groundwater-stream water interactions using multiple depth streambed temperature measurements at the reach scale

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-10-849-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 849-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

C. Schmidt ◽

M. Bayer-Raich ◽

M. Schirmer

Keyword(s):

High Spatial Resolution ◽

Stream Water ◽

Groundwater Discharge ◽

Advection Equation ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

Water Fluxes ◽

Vertical Temperature ◽

Groundwater Temperature ◽

High Discharge

Abstract. Streambed temperatures can be easily, accurately and inexpensively measured at many locations. To characterize patterns of groundwater-stream water interaction with a high spatial resolution, we measured 140 vertical streambed temperature profiles along a 220 m section of a small man-made stream. Groundwater temperature at a sufficient depth remains nearly constant while stream water temperatures vary seasonally and diurnally. In summer, streambed temperatures of groundwater discharge zones are relatively colder than downwelling zones of stream water. Assuming vertical flow in the streambed, the observed temperatures are correlated to the magnitude of water fluxes. The water fluxes are then estimated by applying a simple analytical solution of the heat conduction-advection equation to the observed vertical temperature profiles. The calculated water fluxes through the streambed ranged between 455 Lm−2 d−1 of groundwater discharging to the stream and approximately 10 Lm−2 d−1 of stream water entering the streambed. The investigated reach was dominated by groundwater discharge with two distinct high discharge locations accounting for 50% of the total flux on 20% of the reach length.

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Feature Analysis of Groundwater Discharge Points in Coastal Regions around Mt. Chokaisan by Using ALOS AVNIR-2 Data

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems ◽

10.1541/ieejeiss.131.1794 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 131 (10) ◽

pp. 1794-1802

Author(s):

Yoichi Kageyama ◽

Chieko Shibata ◽

Makoto Nishida

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Discharge ◽

Feature Analysis ◽

Coastal Regions

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EVALUATION OF THE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE FROM THE YARRAGADEE FORMATION INTO THE BLACKWOOD RIVER, BLACKWOOD PLATEAU, WESTERN AUSTRALIA USING WATER BALANCE ANALYSIS

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.30862/jn.v6i2.682 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Baina Afkril

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Western Australia ◽

Groundwater Discharge ◽

Balance Analysis

Area studi terletak di bagian tenggara Dataran Tinggi Blackwood, Australia Barat mencakup 71 km2. Akifer Yarragadee di daerah studi utamanya tersusun oleh batu pasir yang mengandung lapisan-lapisan batu lempung dan liat. Akifer ini merupakan akifer tak-tertekan karena muncul dipermukaan sepanjang alur Sungai Blackwood pada daerah hilir di Nannup dan merupakan sumber airtanah yang keluar ke sungai. Sungai Blackwood mengalir melintasi Dataran Tinggi Blackwood. Selama musim kering, aliran permukaan ke dalam Sungai Blackwood dapat diabaikan, namun aliran dasar dari airtanah menjadi sumber utama bagi aliran sungai. Neraca air pada daerah studi dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisa jaring-aliran dan kesetimbangan air guna mengevaluasi masukan airtanah dari akifer Yarragadee ke dalam Sungai Blackwood. Mayoritas sel-sel jaring-aliran adalah sel-sel keluaran dan kebanyakan aliran airtanah masuk ke dalam Sungai Blackwood di daerah studi. Curah hujan rata-rata tahunan area studi sekitar 6.7 x 107 m3 a-1. Sekitar 9 % dari total curah hujan rata-rata tahunan ini masuk ke dalam tanah sebagai sumber bagi air tanah dan 91 % hilang melalui proses evapotranspirasi. Volume total airtanah yang masuk ke dalam Sungai Blackwood antara stasiun Darradup dan Layman Flat yang dihitung menggunakan analisis jarring-aliran dan kesetimbangan air sekitar 8.1 GL a-1.

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