Millennial resolution late Miocene northern China precipitation record spanning astronomical analogue interval to the future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Gao ◽  
Junsheng Nie ◽  
Qing Yan ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Regional climate model experiments to investigate the Asian monsoon in the Late Miocene

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tang ◽  
A. Micheels ◽  
J. Eronen ◽  
M. Fortelius
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Northern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract. The Late Miocene (11.6–5.3 Ma) is a crucial period in the history of the Asian monsoon. Significant changes in the Asian climate regime have been documented for this period, which saw the formation of the modern Asian monsoon system. However, the spatiotemporal structure of these changes is still ambiguous, and the associated mechanisms are debated. Here, we present a simulation of the average state of the Asian monsoon climate for the Tortonian (11–7 Ma) using the regional climate model CCLM3.2. We employ relatively high spatial resolution (1° × 1°) and adapt the physical boundary conditions such as topography, land-sea distribution and vegetation in the regional model to represent the Late Miocene. As climatological forcing, the output of a Tortonian run with a fully-coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model is used. Our regional Tortonian run shows a stronger-than-present East Asian winter monsoon wind as a result of the enhanced mid-latitude westerly wind of our global forcing and the lowered present-day northern Tibetan Plateau in the regional model. The summer monsoon circulation is generally weakened in our regional Tortonian run compared to today. However, the changes of summer monsoon precipitation exhibit major regional differences. Precipitation decreases in northern China and northern India, but increases in southern China, the western coast and the southern tip of India. This can be attributed to the changes in both the regional topography (e.g. the lower northern Tibetan Plateau) and the global climate conditions (e.g. the higher sea surface temperature). The spread of dry summer conditions over northern China and northern Pakistan in our Tortonian run further implies that the monsoonal climate may not have been fully established in these regions in the Tortonian. Compared with the global model, the high resolution regional model highlights the spatial differences of the Asian monsoon climate in the Tortonian, and better characterizes the convective activity and its response to regional topographical changes. It therefore provides a useful and compared to global models, a complementary tool to improve our understanding of the Asian monsoon evolution in the Late Miocene.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Habitat Uses and Their Implications for the Conservation of the Chinese Bumblebee Bombus pyrosoma (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Jiyao Liu ◽  
Guiling Ding ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Jilian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Impact

Bumblebees are important pollinators for many wild plants and crops. However, the bumblebee populations are seriously declining in many parts of the world. Hence, the bumblebee conservation strategy should be urgently addressed, and the species distribution modeling approach can effectively evaluate the potentially suitable areas for their conservation. Here, one of the most abundant and endemic species of bumblebee in China, Bombus pyrosoma, was selected to assess current and future climates’ influence on its distribution with MaxEnt. Nine high-resolution bioclimatic/environmental variables with high contribution rates and low correlations were used. Four of the nine bioclimatic/environmental variables, min temperature of the coldest month (bio_06), annual mean temperature (bio_01), precipitation of wettest month (bio_13) and radiation of warmest quarter (bio_26), were found to be the most critical factors influencing the distribution of B. pyrosoma. The modeling results showed that the areas with high and moderate suitability for B. pyrosoma covered 141,858 and 186,198 km2 under the current climate conditions. More than 85% of the sampling sites in 2019 were found to be suitable under the current scenario. Under the future A1B and A2 scenarios in 2050 and 2100, the areas with low and moderate suitability for B. pyrosoma increased. However, alarmingly, the high suitability areas decreased under the future A1B and A2 scenarios in 2050 and 2100. Furthermore, regions covering seven provinces of northern China were the most crucial for developing nature reserves for B. pyrosoma, with the following order of suitable areas: Gansu, Shanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Hebei and Beijing. Our study highlights the impact of future climate changes on the distribution of B. pyrosoma, and conservation strategies should mitigate the threats posed by environmental changes, particularly in the current high suitability areas.

Touring Korea and China

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
David O. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Future ◽  
Korean Chinese

On January 6, 1921, McKay and Cannon departed from Shimonoseki, Japan, on a steamer bound for Pusan, Korea. Over the next ten days, they traveled up the Korean peninsula towards Manchuria, eventually entering northern China. After arriving in Beijing (Peking), McKay dedicated the “Chinese realm” for the future preaching of Mormonism. McKay spent time observing the Asiatic customs of the day, frequently making comparisons between the Korean, Chinese, and Japanese peoples. McKay made clear his frustrations with local beggars and commented on the poverty-stricken state of the Asian countryside. Having completed their tour, the two men traveled south to Shanghai, where, on January 16, they departed on the steamer Tenyo Maruru for Yokohama to conclude their tour of the Japan Mission.

Holocene Precipitation Records from Inner Mongolia Derived from Hydrogen Isotope Compositions of Sediment Fatty Acids

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Qingmin Chen ◽  
Weijian Zhou ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Feng Xian ◽  
George S Burr
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Precipitation Records

ABSTRACTThe Inner Mongolian Plateau lies along the northern limit reached by the East Asian summer monsoon. This geographic setting makes it especially sensitive to environmental change and an excellent site for understanding Quaternary East Asian monsoon variability. In this study we present new results of hydrogen isotopic compositions of fatty acids extracted from sediments, which were used to construct Holocene paleoprecipitation (or moisture) changes in Northern China. The hydrogen isotopic composition (D/H ratio) of n-acids in the sedimentary sequence of the Duoerji peat, Inner Mongolia, was determined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Changes in the precipitation from middle Inner Mongolia are recorded by the D/H ratio of n-C20, n-C22, n-C24, n-C26, n-C28 acids (δD). From 10–9 ka, the relatively high δD values indicate reduced precipitation in the Early Holocene. Subsequently, increased precipitation is reflected by reduced δD values from 9–5.5 ka. After 5.5 ka, gradually increasing δD values record an overall decrease in precipitation. The precipitation trends established for the Duoerji sequence are consistent with other major paleoclimate proxies in the East Asian monsoon region, especially with a distinct Holocene optimum of increased monsoonal activity from 9–5.5 ka. The δD resulting paleo-precipitation record clearly shows that the Holocene climate in Northern China is basically controlled by the insolation changes.

scholarly journals Phylogenomics, biogeography, and clade diversification of Paris (Melanthiaceae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunheng Ji ◽  
Lifang Yang ◽  
Mark W. Chase ◽  
Changkun Liu ◽  
Zhenyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Difficult Genus ◽  
Ancestral Area Reconstruction ◽  
Inference Methods

Abstract Background Paris (Melanthiaceae) is an economically important but taxonomically difficult genus, which is unique in angiosperms because some species have extremely large nuclear genomes. Phylogenetic relationships within Paris have long been controversial. Based on complete plastomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences, this study aims to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic tree and explore historical biogeography and clade diversification in the genus. Results All 29 species currently recognized in Paris were sampled. Complete plastomes and nrDNA sequences were generated by the genome skimming approach. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Based on the phylogenetic framework and molecular dating, biogeographic scenarios and historical diversification of Paris were explored. Significant conflicts between plastid and nuclear datasets were identified, and the plastome tree is highly congruent with past interpretations of the morphology. Ancestral area reconstruction indicated that Paris may have originated in northeastern Asia and northern China, and has experienced multiple dispersal and vicariance events during its diversification. The rate of clade diversification has sharply accelerated since the late Miocene. Conclusions Our results provide important insights for clarifying some of the long-standing taxonomic debates in Paris. Cytonuclear discordance may have been caused by ancient and recent hybridizations in the genus. The climatic and geological changes since the late Miocene, such as the intensification of Asian monsoon and the rapid uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, as well as the climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene, played essential roles in driving range expansion and radiative diversification in Paris. Our findings challenge the theoretical prediction that large genome sizes may limit speciation.

scholarly journals Summer precipitation reconstructed quantitatively using a Mid Holocene δ<sup>13</sup>C common millet record from Guanzhong Basin, China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Yang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Li ◽  
Xinying Zhou ◽  
Keliang Zhao ◽  
Nan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
Guanzhong Basin

Abstract. In order to produce quantitative Holocene precipitation reconstructions for particular geographical areas, explicit proxies and accurate dating controls are required. The fossilized seeds of common millet (Panicum miliaceum) are found throughout the sedimentary strata of northern China, and are highly suited to the production of accurate quantitative Holocene precipitation reconstructions: their isotopic carbon composition (δ13C) gives a measure of the precipitation required during the growing season, and allows these seeds to be dated. We therefore used a robust regression function, as part of a systematic study of the δ13C of common millet, to produce a quantitative reconstruction of Mid Holocene summer precipitation in the Guanzhong Basin. Our results showed that summer precipitation from 7.7–3.4 ka BP was 240–477 mm, with a mean of 354 mm, i.e. ~ 50 mm or 17 % higher than present levels. Maximal mean summer precipitation peaked at 414 mm, ~ 109 mm (or 36 %) higher than today, occurring during 6.4–5.5 ka BP; this is when the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) was at its peak. As the δ13C-based precipitation record can reliably indicate EASM intensity during the Holocene, this work can provide a reliable proxy for further research into the detailed processes, and precise mechanisms, of the EASM.

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