scholarly journals Determining marine aerosol scattering characteristics at ambient humidity from size-resolved chemical composition

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (D1) ◽  
pp. 1391-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Howell ◽  
Barry J. Huebert
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Ambient Humidity ◽  
Aerosol Scattering

scholarly journals Aerosol hygroscopicity and its link to chemical composition in the coastal atmosphere of Mace Head: marine and continental air masses

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 3777-3791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Jurgita Ovadnevaite ◽  
Kirsten N. Fossum ◽  
Chunshui Lin ◽  
Ru-Jin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
High Time ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Aerosol Hygroscopicity

Abstract. Chemical composition and hygroscopicity closure of marine aerosol in high time resolution has not been achieved yet due to the difficulty involved in measuring the refractory sea-salt concentration in near-real time. In this study, attempts were made to achieve closure for marine aerosol based on a humidified tandem differential mobility analyser (HTDMA) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) for wintertime aerosol at Mace Head, Ireland. The aerosol hygroscopicity was examined as a growth factor (GF) at 90 % relative humidity (RH). The corresponding GFs of 35, 50, 75, 110 and 165 nm particles were 1.54±0.26, 1.60±0.29, 1.66±0.31, 1.72±0.29 and 1.78±0.30 (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Two contrasting air masses (continental and marine) were selected to study the temporal variation in hygroscopicity; the results demonstrated a clear diurnal pattern in continental air masses, whereas no diurnal pattern was found in marine air masses. In addition, wintertime aerosol was observed to be largely externally mixed in both of the contrasting air masses. Concurrent high time resolution PM1 (particulate matter <1 µm) chemical composition data from combined AMS and MAAP measurements, comprising organic matter, non-sea-salt sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, sea salt and black carbon (BC), were used to predict aerosol hygroscopicity with the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule. Overall, good agreement (an R2 value of 0.824 and a slope of 1.02) was found between the growth factor of 165 nm particles measured by the HTDMA (GF_HTDMA) and the growth factor derived from the AMS + MAAP bulk chemical composition (GF_AMS). Over 95 % of the estimated GF values exhibited less than a 10 % deviation for the whole dataset, and this deviation was mostly attributed to the neglected mixing state as a result of the bulk PM1 composition.

Chemical composition of marine aerosol in the mediterranean coastal zone during the FETCH campaign

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. S7-S8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sellegri ◽  
J. Gourdeau ◽  
S. Despiau-Pujo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Submicron NE Atlantic marine aerosol chemical composition and abundance: Seasonal trends and air mass categorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (20) ◽  
pp. 11,850-11,863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgita Ovadnevaite ◽  
Darius Ceburnis ◽  
Stephan Leinert ◽  
Manuel Dall'Osto ◽  
Manjula Canagaratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Aerosol Chemical Composition

Influences of relative humidity and particle chemical composition on aerosol scattering properties during the 2006 PRD campaign

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1525-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingang Liu ◽  
Yafang Cheng ◽  
Yuanhang Zhang ◽  
Jinsang Jung ◽  
Nobuo Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aerosol Scattering

scholarly journals Primary and Secondary Organic Marine Aerosol and Oceanic Biological Activity: Recent Results and New Perspectives for Future Studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Rinaldi ◽  
Stefano Decesari ◽  
Emanuela Finessi ◽  
Lara Giulianelli ◽  
Claudio Carbone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Average Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol ◽  
Eu Project

One of the most important natural aerosol systems at the global level is marine aerosol that comprises both organic and inorganic components of primary and secondary origin. The present paper reviews some new results on primary and secondary organic marine aerosol, achieved during the EU project MAP (Marine Aerosol Production), comparing them with those reported in the recent literature. Marine aerosol samples collected at the coastal site of Mace Head, Ireland, show a chemical composition trend that is influenced by the oceanic biological activity cycle, in agreement with other observations. Laboratory experiments show that sea-spray aerosol from biologically active sea water can be highly enriched in organics, and the authors highlight the need for further studies on the atmospheric fate of such primary organics. With regard to the secondary fraction of organic aerosol, the average chemical composition and molecular tracer (methanesulfonic-acid, amines) distribution could be successfully characterized by adopting a multitechnique analytical approach.

scholarly journals Primary marine aerosol physical flux and chemical composition during a nutrient enrichment experiment in mesocosms in the Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 14645-14660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison N. Schwier ◽  
Karine Sellegri ◽  
Sébastien Mas ◽  
Bruno Charrière ◽  
Jorge Pey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heterotrophic Flagellates ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Number Size Distribution

Abstract. While primary marine aerosol (PMA) is an important part of global aerosol total emissions, its chemical composition and physical flux as a function of the biogeochemical properties of the seawater still remain highly uncharacterized due to the multiplicity of physical, chemical and biological parameters that are involved in the emission process. Here, two nutrient-enriched mesocosms and one control mesocosm, both filled with Mediterranean seawater, were studied over a 3-week period. PMA generated from the mesocosm waters were characterized in term of chemical composition, size distribution and size-segregated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), as a function of the seawater chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, pigment composition, virus and bacteria abundances. The aerosol number size distribution flux was primarily affected by the seawater temperature and did not vary significantly from one mesocosm to the other. The aerosol number size distribution flux was primarily affected by the seawater temperature and did not vary significantly from one mesocosm to the other. Particle number and CCN aerosol fluxes increase by a factor of 2 when the temperature increases from 22 to 32 °C, for all particle submicron sizes. This effect, rarely observed in previous studies, could be specific to oligotrophic waters and/or to this temperature range. In all mesocosms (enriched and control mesocosms), we detected an enrichment of calcium (+500 %) and a deficit in chloride (−36 %) in the submicron PMA mass compared to the literature inorganic composition of the seawater. There are indications that the chloride deficit and calcium enrichment are linked to biological processes, as they are found to be stronger in the enriched mesocosms. This implies a non-linear transfer function between the seawater composition and PMA composition, with complex processes taking place at the interface during the bubble bursting. We found that the artificial phytoplankton bloom did not affect the CCN activation diameter (Dp, 50, average = 59.85±3.52 nm and Dp,50,average = 93.42±5.14 nm for supersaturations of 0.30 and 0.15 % respectively) or the organic fraction of the submicron PMA (average organic to total mass  =  0.31±0.07) compared to the control mesocosm. Contrary to previous observations in natural bloom mesocosm experiments, the correlation between the particle organic fraction and the seawater Chl a was poor, indicating that Chl a is likely not a straightforward proxy for predicting, on a daily scale, PMA organic fraction in models for all types of sea and ocean waters. Instead, the organic fraction of the Aitken mode particles were more significantly linked to heterotrophic flagellates, viruses and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We stress that different conclusions may be obtained in natural (non-enriched) or non-oligotrophic systems.

scholarly journals A GCM study of organic matter in marine aerosol and its potential contribution to cloud drop activation

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 5675-5700
Author(s):  
G. J. Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Mixing State ◽  
Cloud Drop ◽  
Aerosol Mass

Abstract. With the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM we investigate the potential influence of organic aerosol originating from the ocean on aerosol mass and chemical composition and the droplet concentration and size of marine clouds. We present sensitivity simulations in which the uptake of organic matter in the marine aerosol is prescribed for each aerosol mode with varying organic mass and mixing state, and with a geographical distribution and seasonality similar to the oceanic emission of dimethyl sulfide. Measurements of aerosol mass and chemical composition serve to evaluate the representativity of the model initializations. Good agreement with the measurements is obtained when organic matter is added to the Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes simultaneously. Representing marine organics in the model leads to higher cloud drop number concentrations, smaller cloud drop effective radii, and a better agreement with remote sensing measurements. The mixing state of the organics and the other aerosol matter, i.e., internal or external depending on the formation process of aerosol organics, is an important factor for this. We estimate that globally about 75 Tg C yr−1 of organic matter from marine origin enters the aerosol phase. An approximate 35% of this occurs through formation of secondary organic aerosol and 65% through emission of primary particles.

scholarly journals Primary marine aerosol physical and chemical emissions during a nutriment enrichment experiment in mesocosms in the Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison N. Schwier ◽  
Karine Sellegri ◽  
Sébastien Mas ◽  
Bruno Charrière ◽  
Jorge Pey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Heterotrophic Flagellates ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Chl A

Abstract. While primary marine aerosol (PMA) is an important part of global aerosol total emissions, its chemical composition and physical flux as a function of the biogeochemical properties of the seawater still remain highly uncharacterized due to the multiplicity of physical, chemical and biological parameters that are involved in the emission process. Here, nutrient enriched-mesocosms filled with Mediterranean seawater were studied over a three-week period. PMA generated from the mesocosm waters were characterized in term of chemical composition, size distribution and size segregated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), as a function of the seawater chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, pigment composition, virus and bacteria abundances. In all mesocosms (enriched and control mesocosms), we detected an enrichment of calcium and a deficit in chloride in the submicron PMA mass compared to the literature inorganic composition of the seawater. A positive linear correlation was found between the aerosol number concentration flux and the seawater temperature, that could be specific to the mediteranean seawater temperature and organic content. We found that the artificial phytoplankton bloom did not affect the condensation nuclei (CN) or CCN number concentration, the normalized size distribution, the CCN activation diameter or the organic fraction of the PMA compared to the control mesocosm. However, we observed correlations between the organic fraction of the Aitken mode particles and heterotrophic flagellates, viruses, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). No correlation between the particle organic fraction and Chl-a was observed, contrary to previous observations in natural bloom mesocosm experiments. We believe that this could be due to (1) different complexities compared to natural bloom systems, or (2) longer time periods needed to observe correlation trends.

scholarly journals A GCM study of organic matter in marine aerosol and its potential contribution to cloud drop activation

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Mixing State ◽  
Cloud Drop ◽  
Aerosol Mass

Abstract. With the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM we investigate the potential influence of organic aerosol originating from the ocean on aerosol mass and chemical composition and the droplet concentration and size of marine clouds. We present sensitivity simulations in which the uptake of organic matter in the marine aerosol is prescribed for each aerosol mode with varying organic mass and mixing state, and with a geographical distribution and seasonality similar to the oceanic emission of dimethyl sulfide. Measurements of aerosol mass, aerosol chemical composition and cloud drop effective radius are used to assess the representativity of the model initializations. Good agreement with the measurements is obtained when organic matter is added to the Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes simultaneously. Representing marine organics in the model leads to higher cloud drop number concentrations and thus smaller cloud drop effective radii, and this improves the agreement with measurements. The mixing state of the organics and the other aerosol matter, i.e. internal or external depending on the formation process of aerosol organics, is an important factor for this. We estimate that globally about 75 Tg C yr−1 of organic matter from marine origin enters the aerosol phase, with comparable contributions from primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation.

scholarly journals Seasonal Differences and Variability of Concentrations, Chemical Composition, and Cloud Condensation Nuclei of Marine Aerosol Over the North Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Saliba ◽  
Chia‐Li Chen ◽  
Savannah Lewis ◽  
Lynn M. Russell ◽  
Patricia K. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic
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