scholarly journals Primary and Secondary Organic Marine Aerosol and Oceanic Biological Activity: Recent Results and New Perspectives for Future Studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Rinaldi ◽  
Stefano Decesari ◽  
Emanuela Finessi ◽  
Lara Giulianelli ◽  
Claudio Carbone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Average Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol ◽  
Eu Project

One of the most important natural aerosol systems at the global level is marine aerosol that comprises both organic and inorganic components of primary and secondary origin. The present paper reviews some new results on primary and secondary organic marine aerosol, achieved during the EU project MAP (Marine Aerosol Production), comparing them with those reported in the recent literature. Marine aerosol samples collected at the coastal site of Mace Head, Ireland, show a chemical composition trend that is influenced by the oceanic biological activity cycle, in agreement with other observations. Laboratory experiments show that sea-spray aerosol from biologically active sea water can be highly enriched in organics, and the authors highlight the need for further studies on the atmospheric fate of such primary organics. With regard to the secondary fraction of organic aerosol, the average chemical composition and molecular tracer (methanesulfonic-acid, amines) distribution could be successfully characterized by adopting a multitechnique analytical approach.

scholarly journals Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) Biological Activity Dependent on Chemical Composition

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Timoszuk ◽  
Katarzyna Bielawska ◽  
Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Leukotriene A4

Evening primrose (Oenothera L.) is a plant belonging to the family Onagraceae, in which the most numerous species is Oenothera biennis. Some plants belonging to the genus Oenothera L. are characterized by biological activity. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine the dependence of biological activity on the chemical composition of various parts of the evening primrose, mainly leaves, stems, and seeds. Common components of all parts of the Oenothera biennis plants are fatty acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. In contrast, primrose seeds also contain proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Therefore, it is believed that the most interesting sources of biologically active compounds are the seeds and, above all, evening primrose seed oil. This oil contains mainly aliphatic alcohols, fatty acids, sterols, and polyphenols. Evening primrose oil (EPO) is extremely high in linoleic acid (LA) (70–74%) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) (8–10%), which may contribute to the proper functioning of human tissues because they are precursors of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. EPO supplementation results in an increase in plasma levels of γ-linolenic acid and its metabolite dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA). This compound is oxidized by lipoxygenase (15-LOX) to 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE) or, under the influence of cyclooxygenase (COX), DGLA is metabolized to series 1 prostaglandins. These compounds have anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. Furthermore, 15-HETrE blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to leukotriene A4 (LTA4) by direct inhibition of 5-LOX. In addition, γ-linolenic acid suppresses inflammation mediators such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and cytokine - tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The beneficial effects of EPO have been demonstrated in the case of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, Sjögren’s syndrome, asthma, and anti-cancer therapy.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF METABOLITES OF THE GENUS ALHAGI

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Sabir Zaripbaevich Nishanbaev ◽  
Il'dar Dzhamil'yevich Shamyanov ◽  
Khayrulla Mamadievich Bobakulov ◽  
Shamansur Shahsaidovich Sagdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Antibacterial Preparation ◽  
Active Substances

In the review summarized the scientific literature on geographical distribution, the degree of knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activity of extracts and isolated individual compounds of the genus Alhagi Tourn. ex Adans. of the world flora. The structures of the isolated 300 compounds are presented belonging to the alkaloids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, lipids, and phenolic compounds. In quantitative terms, the phenolic compounds dominate, among which flavonoids belonging to the group flavone, flavonol, flavanone, isoflavone, isoflavonolignan and flavan-3-ols groups are prevails. Among them, to the chemotoxonomic markers can be include flavonols narcissin and its aglycone isorhamnetin, which are produced in major quantities in practically all species of the genus Alhagi. It was revealed that the qualitative composition of the metabolites of the same species of this genus depends on the ecological-geographical and soil-climatic conditions of their growth place. The data on the biological activity of extracts and isolated individual metabolites are considered. The main biologically active substances of the genus Alhagi are phenolic compounds. The presented information in the review shows that the plants of the genus Alhagi are promising for the creation of new pharmaceuticals. It was noted that in present time are being conducted in-depth preclinical pharmacological studies of the antioxidant preparation "Yantacin", the anti-inflammatory "Alkakhin", the biologically active complex "Alkhidin", and the antioxidant and antibacterial preparation "Zhantharid". Cited in the review information may be used as reference literature by phytochemists, biologists, and pharmacologists.

Biological Activity of the Extracts from Pecan Shelling Industry Byproducts

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-877
Author(s):  
Canan Sevimli-Gur ◽  
Yuksel Gezgin ◽  
Ahmet Oz ◽  
Shaymaa Al Sharqi ◽  
Zinar Pinar Gumus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
List Type ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Economic Significance

HighlightsThe first study on characterization of the extracts obtained from industrial pecan nut processing byproducts.Chemical composition and biological activity of the extracts varied with type of byproduct and the pecan cultivars used in the process.Pecan shell extracts exhibited anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity.Abstract. Industrial processing of pecan nuts produces large amounts of shells, which have economic significance for pecan growers and processors. Hence, it is imperative that valorization of pecan processing byproducts is explored. In this study, byproducts from commercial pecan shelling operations were evaluated as potential sources of biologically active phytochemicals. Shelling byproducts from Pawnee, Native, and Stuart cultivars were examined. Aqueous ethanol shell extracts were analyzed for their chemical composition using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). Total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, anticancer activity, and antimicrobial activity of the samples were investigated. The chemical composition and biological activity of the shell extracts varied significantly with the pecan cultivar and type of byproduct stream used in the study. The presence of nut meat pieces in the byproducts resulted in high oil content in the extracts. The extract from Pawnee cultivar showed high DDPH activity, low IC50 for cancer cell lines, and high IC50 for the healthy cell line (Vero). Extracts from all cultivars had antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at relatively high disk loadings. This is the first study on the biological activity of extracts obtained from commercial pecan shelling byproducts. The findings of this study have significant practical implications and provide the initial data much needed for valorization of industrial pecan shelling byproducts. Keywords: Anticancer activity, Antimicrobial activity, Chemical composition, Pecan shell extract.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF METABOLITES OF THE GENUS EQUISETUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Erkin Khozhiakbarovich Botirov ◽  
Viktoriya Mikhaylovna Bonacheva ◽  
Natalya Eduardovna Kolomiets
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Natural Substances

The review summarizes the scientific literature on the degree of knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activity of metabolites and plant extracts of the genus Equisetum L. of the world flora. Many types of horsetail are widely used in folk medicine as a diuretic, hemostatic, as well as for pulmonary tuberculosis and skin diseases, ulcers, dropsy, jaundice, as a heart remedy, for diseases of the kidneys, bladder, etc. Based on extracts of the horsetail canes (Equisetum arvense L.) a number of drugs and biologically active additives with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action have been created. The review presents data on the structural diversity and biological activity of metabolites of plants of the genus Equisetum L. Information is provided on the composition of the metabolites of 16 species of the genus Equisetum L., the structure and sources of more than 200 natural substances related to terpenoids, phytosterols, brassinosteroids, vitamins, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing compounds , lignans, styryl pyrones, indanones, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, hydrocarbons, aldehydes and phenolic compounds. The main biologically active substances of plants of the genus Equisetum are flavonoids and other plant phenolic compounds. Extracts and individual compounds possess antioxidant, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic, sedative, anxiolytic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory properties. An analysis of literature data shows that plants of the genus Equisetum are promising for the creation of new effective drugs. The information presented in the review can be used as reference literature by phytochemists, biologists, and pharmacologists, as well as to solve the problems of chemosystematics of plants of the genus Equisetum L.

STUDY OF CORIANDER SEED OIL (Coriandrum sativum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Ha Bich Phan ◽  
Thach Ngoc Le
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Coriander Seed Oil ◽  
Coriander Seed

Coriandrum sativum L. belongs to the Apiaceae family, which is cultivated in Dong Nai province, in this paper its seed oil of was studied. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. We used two methods for activating of hydrodistillation: conventional heating and microwave irradiating. Its physical and chemical indexes were measured. The chemical composition of this oil was identified by GC/MS and quantified by GC/FID. Linalool (75.51-77.21 %), and geranyl acetate (15.64-12.79 %) were the main constituents of the oil which were obtained in 0,32-0.39 % yield. The biological activity of this oil was reported.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil and Solvent Extracts of

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Amir Reza Jassbi ◽  
Mehdi Zare ◽  
Fatemeh Heidary Jamebozorgi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Bark and Leaf Extracts of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea Grown in Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar Region, Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-279
Author(s):  
Mohamed E.I. Badawy ◽  
Ibrahim E.A. Kherallah ◽  
Ahmed S.O. Mohareb ◽  
Mohamed. Z.M. Salem ◽  
Hameda A. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Juniperus Phoenicea ◽  
The Impact

Background:Plant extracts are important products in the world and have been widely used for isolation of important biologically active products. Because of their significant environmental impact, extensive research has been explored to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts.Methods:Acetone extracts of the bark and leaf of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea, collected from three different altitudes (125, 391, and 851 m high of sea level) at Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar area, Libya were obtained and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was further evaluated against plant bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter, Erwinia carotovora, Rhodococcus fascians and Ralstonia solanacearum and fungus Botrytis cinerea.Results:The impact of the altitude from the sea level on the quantity and chemical constituents of the extracts was investigated. The yield was largely dependent on tree species and the highest yield (6.50%) was obtained with C. sempervirens L bark of altitude III (851 m of the sea level), while the lowest (1.17%) was obtained with the leaf extract of C. sempervirens L from altitude I (125 m). The chemical composition analyzed by GC/MS confirmed that the leaf extracts of C. sempervirens and J. phoenicea contained a complex mixture of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolic, steroids and phthalates. However, the bark extracts of both trees contained a mixture of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolics, phthalates, retinol and steroids. These constituents revealed some variability among the extracts displaying the highest interesting chemotype of totarol (terpenophenolic) in all extracts (14.63-78.19% of the total extract). The extracts displayed a noteworthy antifungal potency with varying degrees of inhibition of growth with EC50 values ranged from 78.50 to 206.90 mg/L. The extracts obtained from the leaves of C. sempervirens showed that the highest inhibitory activity was obtained with the extract of altitude II (391 m) with MIC 565, 510, 380 and 710 mg/L against E. carotovora, R. fascians, and R. radiobacter and R. solanacearum, respectively.Conclusion:Based on antimicrobial activity, raw plant extracts can be a cost-effective way to protect crops from microbial pathogens. Because plant extracts contain several antimicrobial compounds, the development of resistant pathogens can be delayed.

Impact of Chemical Composition on the Nanostructure and Biological Activity of α-Galactosidase-Loaded Nanovesicles for Fabry Disease Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 7825-7838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Tomsen-Melero ◽  
Solène Passemard ◽  
Natalia García-Aranda ◽  
Zamira Vanessa Díaz-Riascos ◽  
Ramon González-Rioja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Disease Treatment

Isoselenocyanates: Synthesis and Their Use for Preparing Selenium-Based Heterocycles

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan H. Bossmann ◽  
Raul Neri
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Oxidative Cyclization ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organoselenium Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthetic Work

AbstractIsoselenocyanates (ISCs) are a class of organoselenium compounds that have been recognized as potential chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative agents against cancer(s) and infectious diseases. ISC compounds are chemically analogous to their isosteric relatives, isothiocyanates (ITCs); however, they possess increased biological activity, such as enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells. ISCs not only serve as significant products, but also as precursors and essential intermediates for a variety of organoselenium compounds, such as selenium-containing heterocycles, which are biologically active. While syntheses of ISCs have become less difficult to accomplish, the syntheses of selenium-containing heterocycles are often difficult due to the use of highly toxic selenium reagents. Because of this, ISCs can serve as versatile reagents for the preparation of these heterocycles. In this review, the classical and recent syntheses of ISCs will be discussed, along with notable and recent synthetic work employing ISCs to access novel selenium-containing heterocycles.1 Introduction1.1 Selenium and Health2 Isoselenocyanates2.1 Preparation of Isoselenocyanates3 Selenium-Containing Heterocycles3.1 Notable Synthetic Work3.2 Recent Synthetic Work3.2.1 Synthesis of N-(3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3H-selenazol-2-ylidene)benzamide­ Derivatives3.2.2 Synthesis and X-ray Studies of Diverse Selenourea Derivatives3.2.3 Synthesis of Heteroarene-Fused [1,2,4]Thiadiazoles/Selenadiazoles via Iodine-Promoted [3+2] Oxidative Cyclization3.2.4 2-Amino-1,3-selenazole Derivatives via Base-Promoted Multicomponent Reactions4 Conclusion

scholarly journals Effects of rhizosphere fungi on the chemical composition of fruits of the medicinal plant Cinnamomum migao endemic to southwestern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhong Chen ◽  
Xiaolong Huang ◽  
Bingli Tong ◽  
Deng Wang ◽  
Jiming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Rhizosphere Fungi ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Fungal Populations

Abstract Background This study examined how rhizosphere fungi influence the accumulation of chemical components in fruits of a small population species of Cinnamomum migao. Results Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant in the rhizosphere fungal community of C. migao. Pestalotiopsis and Gibellulopsis were associated with α-Terpineol and sabinene content, and Gibellulopsis was associated with crude fat and carbohydrate content. There were significant differences in rhizosphere fungal populations between watersheds, and there was no obvious change between fruiting periods. Gibberella, Ilyonectria, Micropsalliota, and Geminibasidium promoted sabinene accumulation, and Clitocybula promoted α-Terpineol accumulation. Conclusion The climate-related differentiation of rhizosphere fungal communities in watershed areas is the main driver of the chemical composition of C. migao fruit. The control of the production of biologically active compounds by the rhizosphere fungal community provides new opportunities to increase the industrial and medicinal value of the fruit of C. migao.

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