Computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation. 3D soft tissue planning and prediction

We describe a case of complex, posttraumatic skull and orbital deformities that were evaluated and treated with advanced computer technology, including virtual surgical planning, three-dimensional (3D) modeling, and printed patient custom implants (PCI) fabricated by 3D printing. A 50-year-old man presented to our craniofacial referral center 1 year after failed reduction of complex left orbital, zygomatic, and frontal bone fractures due to a motorcycle collision. The patient's chief complaint was debilitating diplopia in all fields of gaze. On examination, he had left enophthalmos, left canthal displacement, lower eyelid ectropion, vertical orbital dystopia, and a laterally and inferiorly displaced, comminuted zygoma with orbital rim and frontal bone defects. The normal orbit was mirrored to precisely guide repositioning of the globe, orbital reconstruction, and cranioplasty. Preinjury appearance with normal globe position was restored with complete resolution of diplopia. Modern 3D technology allows the surgeon to better analyze complex orbital deformities and precisely plan surgical correction with the option of printing a PCI. These techniques were successfully applied to resolve a case of debilitating diplopia and aesthetic deficits after facial trauma. Further application of advanced 3D computer technology can potentially improve the results of severe orbital and craniofacial trauma reconstruction.

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Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted Surgical Planning and Use of 3-Dimensional Printing in the Repair of a Complex Articular Femoral Fracture in a Dog

10.1055/s-0039-1692279 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

G. Lam ◽

S.K. Kim

Keyword(s):

Femoral Fracture ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Printing

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Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted Surgical Planning and Use of Three-Dimensional Printing in the Repair of a Complex Articular Femoral Fracture in a Dog

VCOT Open ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1676062 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. e12-e18

Author(s):

Griselda Lam ◽

Sun-Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Design ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

3D Model ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Normal Function ◽

Fracture Repair ◽

Fracture Reduction ◽

Virtual Surgery ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Implant Placement

Objective The main purpose of this study was to describe the use and benefits of 3-dimensional (3D) computer-assisted surgical planning (CASP) and printing in a complex articular fracture repair in a dog. Study Design Case report. Animals Client-owned dog. Results One dog with a closed, severely comminuted, distal femoral supracondylar and bicondylar fracture underwent a preoperative computed tomography scan. Three-dimensional CASP was performed using computer-aided design software. Three-dimensional CASP allowed for visualization of the fracture fragments and virtual surgery, including reduction of the fragments and implant placement. A 3D model of the affected femur was printed and a bone plate was pre-contoured to the model. Intraoperative fracture reduction and stabilization were performed without complications. Postoperative radiographs revealed successful execution of the planned procedure. Subsequent radiographs and clinical examination indicated that bone healing was achieved with return to normal function of the limb. Three-dimensional CASP and the printed 3D model allowed for improved understanding of the anatomical relationship between fracture fragments, preoperative implant selection and contouring, and the ability to practice fracture reduction and implant placement preoperatively. The model was also used for client education, and to teach students and residents. Conclusion Three-dimensional CASP and printed models are valuable tools in the preoperative planning of complex fracture repairs, educating clients and teaching students and residents.

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Three-dimensional virtual-reality surgical planning and soft-tissue prediction for orthognathic surgery

IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine ◽

10.1109/4233.924800 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 97-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

James Xia ◽

H.H.S. Ip ◽

N. Samman ◽

H.T.F. Wong ◽

J. Gateno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Three Dimensional

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Virtual Surgical Planning and Three-Dimensional Printed Guide for Soft Tissue Correction in Facial Asymmetry

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery ◽

10.1097/scs.0000000000005204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 846-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eduardo Arias ◽

Yu-Hui Huang ◽

Linping Zhao ◽

Rosemary Seelaus ◽

Pravin Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Facial Asymmetry ◽

Virtual Surgical Planning

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3D Soft-Tissue Prediction Methodologies for Orthognathic Surgery—A Literature Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9214550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (21) ◽

pp. 4550 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Elena Carlotta Olivetti ◽

Sara Nicotera ◽

Federica Marcolin ◽

Enrico Vezzetti ◽

Jacqueline P. A. Sotong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Literature Review ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Facial Soft Tissue ◽

Unknown Variable ◽

Common Planning ◽

The Face ◽

Soft Tissue Changes

Three-dimensional technologies have had a wide diffusion in several fields of application throughout the last decades; medicine is no exception and the interest in their introduction in clinical applications has grown with the refinement of such technologies. We focus on the application of 3D methodologies in maxillofacial surgery, where they can give concrete support in surgical planning and in the prediction of involuntary facial soft-tissue changes after planned bony repositioning. The purpose of this literature review is to offer a panorama of the existing prediction methods and software with a comparison of their reliability and to propose a series of still pending issues. Various software are available for surgical planning and for the prediction of tissue displacements, but their reliability is still an unknown variable in respect of the accuracy needed by surgeons. Maxilim, Dolphin and other common planning software provide a realistic result, but with some inaccuracies in specific areas of the face; it also is not totally clear how the prediction is obtained by the software and what is the theoretical model they are based on.

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