Degenerative neural diseases

AbstractNeural vasculature forms the blood–brain barrier against the delivery of systemically administered therapeutic drugs into parenchyma of neural tissues. Therefore, procedures to open the blood–brain barrier with minimal damage to tissues would lead to the great progress in therapeutic strategy for intractable neural diseases. In this study, through analyses with mouse in vitro brain microvascular endothelial cells and in vivo neural vasculature, we demonstrate that the administration of cyclophilin A (CypA), a ligand of basigin which is expressed in barrier-forming endothelial cells, realizes the artificial opening of blood–brain barrier. Monolayers of endothelial cells lost their barrier properties through the disappearance of claudin-5, an integral tight junction molecule, from cell membranes in a transient and reversible manner. Furthermore, the intravenous injection of a single dose of CypA into mice resulted in the opening of blood–brain barrier for a certain period which enabled the enhanced delivery of systemically administered doxorubicin into the parenchyma of neural tissues. These findings that the pre-injection of a single dose of CypA realizes an artificial, transient as well as reversible opening of blood–brain barrier are considered to be a great step toward the establishment of therapeutic protocols to overcome the intractability of neural diseases.

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Micro RNAs: an arguable appraisal in medicine

Endocrine Regulations ◽

10.1515/enr-2016-0013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 106-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Voglova ◽

J. Bezakova ◽

Iveta Herichova

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Human Body ◽

Physiological State ◽

Intercellular Signaling ◽

Circulating Mirnas ◽

Intracellular Space ◽

Double Stranded Rna ◽

Micro Rnas ◽

Neural Diseases

AbstractMicro RNAs (miRNAs) represent a newly discovered class of regulatory molecules in the human body. miRNA is a short double stranded RNA sequence interfering with mRNA, causing in most cases, inhibition of translation. Synthesis of miRNAs shows an increasing developmental pattern and postnatally miRNAs are synthesized in all cells possessing transcriptional machinery. miRNAs usually target several mRNAs and therefore conclusive evidences proving their functions are not always ease to be acquired. In spite of this difficulty, functions of miRNAs were firmly established in the development, the cardiovascular and neural diseases, and cancer. Many miRNAs have been reported to be associated with physiological state of cells and/or tissues. This finding becomes fundamental, especially when consider that these miRNAs can be released from cell into intracellular space or circulation. Correlation between miRNA production in tissues and its contribution to multisource miRNA pool in the circulation is in a focus of biomarker-oriented researchers. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been suggested to be applicable as biomarkers in several types of cancer, cardiovascular injury, and diabetes. Role of miRNAs in the organism intercellular signaling is still under the broad investigation. Several miRNA mimics, intended for treatment of disease, are being currently tested in the clinical trials.

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Advances in Cell and Gene Therapy in Treating Neural Diseases

10.3389/978-2-88971-995-2 ◽

2022 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Cell And Gene Therapy ◽

Neural Diseases

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2. Anti-HMGB1 Antibody Therapy for Neural Diseases and Cancers

Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.3999/jscpt.52.34 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

Masahiro NISHIBORI

Keyword(s):

Antibody Therapy ◽

Neural Diseases

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A Comprehensive Review on Schisandrin B and Its Biological Properties

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2020/2172740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. I. Nasser ◽

Shuoji Zhu ◽

Chen Chen ◽

Mingyi Zhao ◽

Huanlei Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

Schisandrin B ◽

Antitumor Activities ◽

Cycle Arrest ◽

Preclinical Trials ◽

Neural Diseases ◽

Anti Inflammation

Nature is a vast source of bioactive molecules and has provided an active and efficient reservoir for drug discovery. Among natural compounds, one of the most promising is Schisandrin B (Sch B), isolated from Schisandra chinensis, which was documented to possess diversified pharmacokinetic propriety, among them antioxidant, anti-inflammation, cardioprotection, and neuroprotection. Due to its large biological properties, Sch B was recorded to be a potent cure for several diseases by targeting several signaling pathways. This review is aimed at emphasizing the recent data on the biological properties of Sch B among the molecular mechanism of this drug on tumoral, cardiac, and neural diseases. The data suggest that the antitumor activities of Sch B were mainly through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the diver’s stage. It is reported that Sch B could be used as effective chemotherapy, neuroprotection, and cardioprotection since it possesses a spectrum of biological activities; however, further investigations on the mechanism of its action and preclinical trials are still mandatory to further validate the potential of this natural drug candidate.

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Study on Dynamic Characteristics of the Hippocampal Neuron under Current Conductance's Changing

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.868 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 195-196 ◽

pp. 868-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yue Ping Peng ◽

Nan Zou ◽

Hai Ying Wu

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Characteristics ◽

Formation Process ◽

Hippocampal Neuron ◽

Neuron Model ◽

Discharge Process ◽

Straight Line ◽

Hippocampal Ca1 ◽

Discharge Patterns ◽

Neural Diseases ◽

Maximum Conductance

The hippocampal CA1 pyramid neuron has plenty of discharge actions. In the thesis, the dynamic characteristics of the hippocampal neuron model are analyzed and discussed by the neurodynamic theory and methods. Under a certain amplitude currents stimulation, the change of (the maximum conductance of the transient sodium channel) and (the maximum conductance of the delay rectification potassium channel) can cause different dynamic characteristics of the neuron model. The transient Na+current () caused by is indispensable in the discharges formation process of the model. The model can generate the discharge process only when reaches a certain threshold. In the discharge process of the neuron model,s changing affects little and the ISIs approximate to a straight line. The delay rectification K+current () caused by isnt indispensable in the discharges formation process of the model. Buts changing affects much in the discharge process of the neuron model. Withs changing, the neuron model undergoes different dynamic bifurcation process, and has plenty of discharge patterns such as the chaos, period, and so on. This investigation is helpful to know and investigate deeply the dynamic characteristics and the bifurcation mechanism of the hippocampal neuron; and it provides a certain theory assist to investigate the neural diseases such as the Alzheimer disease by neurodynamics.

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