Reaction time impairment in insulin-dependent diabetes: Task complexity, blood glucose levels, and individual differences.

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi R. Driesen ◽  
Daniel J. Cox ◽  
Linda Gonder-Frederick ◽  
William Clarke
2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 888-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tod A Clark ◽  
Andrea L Edel ◽  
Clayton E Heyliger ◽  
Grant N Pierce

A novel black tea decoction containing vanadate has successfully replaced insulin in a rat model of insulin-dependent diabetes but is untested in non-insulin-dependent diabetic animals. A tea-vanadate decoction (TV) containing 30 or 40 mg sodium orthovanadate was administered by oral gavage to two groups of Zucker diabetic fatty rats and a conventional water vehicle containing 30 or 40 mg of sodium orthovanadate to two others. In the latter group receiving the 30-mg dose, vanadate induced diarrhea in 50% of the rats and death in 10%. In contrast, TV-treated rats had no incidence of diarrhea and no deaths. Symptoms were more severe in both groups with higher vanadate doses, so these were discontinued. After ~16 weeks, the level of vanadium in plasma and tissue extracts was negligible in a further group of untreated rats but highly elevated after vanadate treatment. Vanadium levels were not significantly different between the TV-treated diabetic rats and the diabetic rats given vanadate in a water vehicle. Over the 115 days of the study, blood glucose levels increased from ~17 to 25 mmol/L in untreated diabetic rats. This was effectively lowered (to <10 mmol/L) by TV treatment. Fasting blood glucose levels were 5, 7, and 20 mmol/L in control (nondiabetic, untreated), TV-treated and untreated diabetic rats, respectively. Rats required treatment with TV for only ~50% of the days in the study. Increase in body mass during the study was significantly lower in untreated diabetic rats (despite higher food intake) than the other groups. Body mass gain and food intake were normal in TV-treated rats. Water intake was 28 mL/rat daily in control rats, 130 mL/rat daily in untreated diabetic rats, and 52 mL/rat daily in TV-treated diabetic rats. Plasma creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly depressed in untreated diabetic rats, and TV treatment normalized this. Our results demonstrate that a novel oral therapy containing black tea and vanadate possesses a striking capacity to regulate glucose and attenuates complications in a rat model of type II diabetes. Key words: diabetes mellitus, tea, glycemia, type II diabetes.


Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4474
Author(s):  
Kyeong-Mi Choi ◽  
Hwan-Soo Yoo

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes) is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an insulin deficiency. Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of hyperglycemia. 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this study, we investigated whether DIM could improve insulin-dependent diabetes and nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In mice, STZ induced hyperglycemia, hunger, thirst, and abnormally increased kidney weight and serum creatinine, which is a renal functional parameter. DIM decreased STZ-increased high blood glucose levels and food and water intake in diabetic mice. DIM also improved diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the expression of PKC-α, the marker of albuminuria, and TGF-β1, an indicator of renal hypertrophy, in diabetic mice. Our findings suggest that DIM may ameliorate hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy through the inhibition of PKC-α and TGF-β1 signaling.


Author(s):  
J.L. Beggs ◽  
P.C. Johnson ◽  
A.G. Olafsen ◽  
C. Cleary ◽  
C.J. Watkins ◽  
...  

Nerve disease is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia directly or indirectly causes structural damage and functional impairment of nerve fibers. Despite conventional therapy, there continues to be a substantial incidence of diabetic complications. Development of complications is thought to be due to abnormal fluctuations in blood glucose levels. The number of pancreas transplants performed for the treatment of diabetic complications has increased dramatically in the last few years. Unlike conventional therapy, functional pancreas grafts provide normal fasting blood glucose levels, near-normal glucose tolerance, and normal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. In this report, we address the following question: will functional pancreas grafts prevent or reverse the structural nerve damage caused by diabetes mellitus?A 53 y/o man developed insulin-dependent diabetes at age 35. Nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy developed despite conventional insulin therapy. To treat these complications, pancreas segment transplant was performed. The donor was his identical twin. The recipient was treated with low-dose immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine and prednisone). He has remained euglycemic for 3 years and requires neither insulin therapy nor oral hypoglycemic agents. Clinical examinations during the 3 years post-transplantation have revealed progressive improvement in vision, nerve function and a stabilization in renal function.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  

Background: Diabetes causes a never-ending medicine and or insulin treatment for the diseased. Also, the patients are bound to follow a particular diet, with eliminating most of the sugary foods; that further deteriorates the quality of life. This gave way to the study, focused on diabetes cure without medicines and on rich fruits and vegetable diet. The clinical trial on 55 diabetes patients with a team of 6 medical associates was practiced for 3-days at Zorba, The Buddha, 10 - Tropical Drive, Ghitorni, New Delhi from 29th April to 1st May, 2016. The goal was to establish and observe the effects of plantbased diet on the sugar levels of the diabetes patients. These included both insulin-dependent and independent, diabetes type-1 and type-2 patients. The 3-days Residential Treatment Tour involved 55 subjects with different age groups and demographic profiles. The study considered participants from different countries to find out the global impact of the treatment. Objective Aim: The burden of the disease diabetes is rising globally. The aim of the research is to find out that on discontinuing the medicines and being on a particular plant-based diet, can high blood glucose levels in diabetes patients be normalized. Methodology Trial: Clinical trials were performed on diabetes patients for 3-days continuously. The sample size of the study was n=55 patients. Medicines were eliminated from the first day of the trial. Thereafter, following 3-days, the participants were kept on a prescribed plant-based diet. Both fasting and post-prandial readings were measured each day along with the weights of the participants. The subjects with varying diabetes history, age groups, type of diabetes, insulin dependency and demographic profiles were part of the trial. Findings of the Study Results: The study reported controlled blood glucose levels for 84% of patients and partially-controlled levels for 16% of patients. Those with controlled levels could attain a healthy blood glucose range without medicines and or insulin, along with the prescribed diet in 3-days. Those with partially controlled levels could attain a healthy blood glucose range with less than 50% of insulin than prescribed earlier. Among diabetes type-2 patients the study reported 100% results with all the patients maintaining a healthy blood glucose level. While among diabetes type-1 patients, 57% reported controlled blood glucose levels through the diet and zero-medications. Whereas, 43% reported healthy blood sugar levels through the diet and insulin reduction. In addition of the insulin-dependent group, 59% could completely drop their insulin requirements and 41% could reduce the requirement to at least 50%. The weight reduction for 55 patients in 3-days was reported as 1.14kgs of average weight loss per individual. Also, the patients had symptomatic relief from general fatigue and weaknesses .The plant-based diet proved to be beneficial with regards to energy and nutritional fulfillments. Future Scope Conclusion: Diabetes treatment has both health and economic burden on society. With reference to the present research, a new approach for the treatment of this considered life-style metabolic disability can be shaped. The plant-based diet has been found effective to cure and control diabetes, eliminating the medicine or insulin requirements. Further research on the subject matter can present a medicine-free-food-science based treatment for the disease. At the same time, this unique treatment approach will eliminate the risks of medicine side-effects. On the basis of this research, diabetes education can be developed for better understanding of the disease and better living for the diseased population.


1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S74-S76 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fuhrmann

Abstract. The treatment of 620 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant women is reported. The goal of treatment was to achieve a normal blood glucose concentration as soon as possibly during early, or even before pregnancy. When intensified conventional insulin therapy was started before conception, about 88% of the patients achieved normal blood glucose levels during the first weeks of pregnancy. In only about 20% of the pregnant diabetics without intensified preconceptional treatment a normal blood glucose level was obtained during their first hospitalization in pregnancy. The rate of congenital malformations was 1.1% in the former and 7.1% in the latter group.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document